Community Project

Our interviewee Mr. James (pseudonym) is a 90 year old military man who lives at home alone as his wife passed out of doors 3 years ago. In 1975, his doctor diagnosed him with Chronic obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and he is currently taking ?2-adrenergic sense datum organ agonist Salbtamol (bronchodilator), anti-cholinergic drug Ipratropium Bromide (bronchodilator), and a crew preparedness of corticosteroid Fluticasone (anti-inflammatory agent) and long-acting ?2-adrenergic receptor agonist Salmeterol (bronchodilator). He is excessively on Diltiazem Hydrochloride (calcium channel blocker) which is a vasodilator and employ to treat angina and hypertension. At the second visit, he had oedema in his right leg. These clinical manifestations may foretell that his cardiovascular problems are utility(prenominal) to his pulmonary disease. Mr. James has been suffering from COPD for whole over 35 years. The last time he smoked was in 1945, which was 30 years befo re being diagnosed with COPD. COPD is a inveterate inflammation of air duct primarily instanced by tobacco smoking. breathing in of noxious particles into respiratory tract increase the outlet of macrophages and lymphocytes which field of operations to release of more inflammatory mediators like leukotrienes, interleukins and tumor mortification factor which damage the lung tissue.

The inflamed airway leads to increase the egress of goblet cells which become enlarged and produce excess increase of mucus, and the damaged ciliated cells reduce the ability of mucus clearance. all in all these inflammatory process contribute to the airway obstruction! and cause difficulty in exhalation in COPD patients (Brown et al, 2007). Regarding Mr. James background, he described himself as a arrogant child in his childhood, possibly indicating the development of pulmonary problems when he was young, and both his parents were scope smokers. Environmental tobacco is one of the factors that increases the fortune of COPD, therefore secondary smoking would have had affected his respiratory function....If you want to view a full essay, order it on our website: OrderCustomPaper.com

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