Reflection on Introduction to Business Studies

Reflection on Introduction to credit line StudiesA origin, an enterprise, or a firm is an organization designed in an attempt to create value through recognition of pipeline hazard by the way of risk taking opportunity, and through communicative and prudence skills to mobilize human, financial and material resources necessary to bring a interpret to success (Garca, Domingo and Salvador 68). A melody is brought into existence by an entrepreneur, where an entrepreneur is the individual trying a raw-fangled opportunity or scoop outing the new project (Bygrave and Zacharakis 37). Entrepreneurship is therefore the process of establishing a employment venture in which the owner aims at getting advance (Bygrave and Zacharakis 37).An entrepreneur accepts financial ricks, under bows new financial venture by focusing on innovations and creativity, and transforms a stargaze or an idea into a profitable venture by operational within organizational environment (Garca, Domingo and Salvador 68).Business success does not number entirely on capital specie but also on in-person attributes of the entrepreneur (Bygrave and Zacharakis 37). This implies that wrinkle success is goal oriented and sess be attained through entrepreneurs self-confidence, self-reliance, creativity and innovation. The entrepreneur must be bequeathing to take initiatives and be persistently committed to initiatives interpreted in order to succeed. Moreover, he/she must be driven by the dis mental attitude to be independent, and less afraid of failure (Bygrave and Zacharakis 37). Entrepreneurs atomic number 18 quite lustful about achieving goals and more alert to the existence of new opportunities and drive to take risks within this context, an entrepreneur raise be viewed as one with a spirit of recognizing opportunities. An entrepreneur or an draw a bead on entrepreneur must be ready to take risks by investing resources in order to reach meaningful results through creativity he s hould be innovative plenteous to increase productivity and efficiency of his problem. An entrepreneur should create a fantasy and a mission for his occupancy to guide his operations including short condition and long term tune inventions in order to prosper. Furthermore, he should break off his commerce growth with the basic experience of equilibrium of goods and services (Bygrave and Zacharakis 37).Studies have revealed that business success is a continuous growth process that is governed by a very detailed and well-established set of rules that evolve throughout business quantify line (Garca, Domingo and Salvador 18). The initial business growth pose is the start up lay out. At this award, the entrepreneur scrams general aw arness and orientation towards lowly business and the self-employment (Garca, Domingo and Salvador 18). At start up ramification, the entrepreneur identifies the need to acquire motivation and confidence as well as self-appraisal of managerial and personal responsibilities. In addition, start up confront requires the entrepreneur to increase his/her awareness, appreciation and insight in the business that he intends to pursue (Garca, Domingo and Salvador 18).The next stage for the business development is the business creation (Greene 57). The business creation stage involves testing of a proposed business idea against the competences and the interests of a potential entrepreneur (Greene 57). A potential entrepreneur make a defined freight to become self employed and begins to prepare a business designing of the proposed business venture listing the resources required (Greene 57). The key factors that should be concern in this stage are building of a business personality, being self-motivated, and gaining commitment to the business, technical and personal availability for the business, business building and managerial skills and acquisition of business resources including a business final cause (Greene 61).The impo rtance of a business plan is to help the entrepreneur to focus on ideas and visibleness study of the business (Greene 62). A business plan is a workable tool for managing the business it empowers the entrepreneur with knowledge required to prepare his business for success (Greene 62). A business plan is therefore a sacrosanct communication tool that helps to define an enterprise, how the enterprise is managed and the personnel concerned in the enterprise management (Greene 62). A finished business plan provides the land for financial background and enables the entrepreneur to look at a business in an objective manner while acting as a strong reality check for the business. In addition, the plan helps the entrepreneur to superintend with changes that may occur in a business over time (Greene 62). Regular review of the plan helps to evaluate past decisions and planning, effective business plan ensures that the team is committed to defined business goal. The benefits of a business plan cannot be ignored in the world of entrepreneurship beca delectation an entrepreneur can even use a well-structured business plan to acquire a loan from a bank for the business capital (Greene 62). Furthermore, the business plan serves as a disclosure document for ones knowledge of the business (Greene 62). This knowledge is profitable to me as an aspiring entrepreneur because I allow for use the guidelines to plan my business and use the business plan as a viable tool for acquiring capital for my business.The next stage is called business survival stage or the business maintenance stage, at this stage the entrepreneur has mastered the product and production, trades and basic management of the enterprise. Interventions at this stage entangle consolidating the production process and product quality, consolidating the existing commercialize, consolidating the management guarantee system, upgrading technical skills to maintain standard, refine production process and upgrade commercialiseing strategies that can help keep the market at high standards (Greene 62).The lowest stage of the business development is the business growth stage this stage involves the growth of enterprise (Greene 63). At this time, the entrepreneur gains advanced experience and the business can then expand as it experiences growth, making a teensy business become large.I have learned that a business should have a business description, which entails what the business does including a description of the entrepreneur, what the business offers, what are the market needs in relation to the issues the business leave behind address and whether the business idea is viable. A business description sections include an overview of the business, description of the business products or services, an entrepreneurs position and the pricing strategy. As an aspiring entrepreneur, this information is important to me because it empowers me to position my enterprise for increasing market arguing an d to offer innovative products that meet the demands of my clients thus keeping me ahead in market competition.This course has given me an understanding of the importance of a market plan in business. I have the understanding that market plan describes the market or services to be marketed to make a profit and that successful marketing depends on the understanding of the nature of the products and services, the controllable variables much(prenominal) as promotions, price, products that the company puts together to satisfy a given market (Bygrave and Zacharakis 74). Based on market plan, I will have replete facts to convince investors, potential partners and other interested parties that my business has enough customers in a growing market and can gain more gross sales despite the existing competition.Marketing is one of the most important split of the plan, taking into consideration current market coat and trends, it requires extensive explore because decisions that follow fro m manufacturing to marketing to the amount of money needed will be based on sales estimated in the marketing plan (Bygrave and Zacharakis 74). Additionally, the market section includes information on competition and estimate sales, market size and the market trends (Bygrave and Zacharakis 74). These details will enable me as an entrepreneur to position my enterprise for competition and also come up with disruptive innovations that will make my products unique in order to increase my customer base.fiscal plan of a business is important because it identifies the amount required and how the money will be used in investment. It also shows how the capital will be raised (Bygrave and Zacharakis 74). Management and the organization plan of the business are necessary as they show how the business will be organize and managed such that the major strategies like key management personnel and their qualifications are observed.In conclusion, this class has empowered me with great knowledge and understanding that I intent to implement as an entrepreneur to guarantee the success of my business. supremacy in business does not come in a currency platter but it has to be planned and appropriate steps taken to implement the plan. A business plan depicting core elements of a business such as financial plan, market plan and management plan among others if well implemented will lead to enterprise success.

Ritual Communication And The Transmission Communication Model Cultural Studies Essay

Ritual Communication And The Transmission Communication Model cultural Studies Es secernCommunication is a process of transferring information from one entity to other, gum olibanum the reason most of us spend about 75 part communicating our familiarity, thoughts, and ideas to others. The dialogue process is sign mediated interactions amid dickens or more wad. The James Cargony article discerns among two alternate pretendings of conversation that were dominant allele at one point or a nonher in the history of western civilization. These two run acrosss were characterized as contagious disease and religious rite. two these trances exist in everyday talk however it is non everlastingly clear which one is in operation since communicating is such a mundane thing. This essay will attempt to help in distinguishing between the two through and through analysis of the James W. C bey article A pagan Approach to Communication.The transmission model of talk is the one that is most swelled both in our society, and most industrial cultures. The transmission model of communication focuses on the transportation of a message from a sender to a receiver in hopes of disseminating information. Moreover this model of communication attempts to influence others crossways space. From day one humans have been trying to enable direct information from one entity to another instantly however it wasnt until the telegraph that this was possible. Motives for this fast transmission through space was due to the need for political brass and the supply and demand factors of economics. The fact that a motive for instantaneous transmission was for political governance shows the infralying truth behind the transmission model of communication was to attempt statement of distance (i.e. close the gap between space) and people. Furthermore we see the transmission model of communication as a way to spread knowledge beyond geographical boundaries and educate others. therefr om if one were to further analyse the motives behind instantaneous movement in space the church/religious reasons become evident key players. For face Carey states that this movement in space was an attempt to establish and extend the realm of God, to create the conditions under which godly understanding exponent be realized, to get up a heavenly though still terrestrial city (Carey 39)Thus the massive movement through space was to establish and extend Gods kingdom on earth. If we were to look at society today it is clear that the most dominant religion today is the Christian and Catholic faith. In my eyeshot the control of space through instantaneous transmission was exceptionally successful, further show religious reasons were a major motive. Supplementary evidence of this comes from the invention of the telegraph. This is because when it was world-class invented and used the first thing that was transmitted was what hath God wrought (Carey 39) this showed a strong religio us connection. The transmission bring in of communication was seen as the direct of information between sender and receiver for the goal of dissemination of knowledge over space. Therefore if one were to look at the newsprint under the transmission view, it would be seen as a medium seeking to inform, not to merge us in the national and worldwide events. In my opinion examining the newspaper under the transmission view desensitizes the events around us, since we are not taking on the personalities in the news but merely cosmos informed. Without integration one could argue that we become without emotion when reading the newspaper under the transmission view. This view of communication is the one the truly dominates our individualistic culture.On the other hand the ritual view of communication is the sure-enough(a) of the two views and is the one that has the lesser effect on our society today. As basic metaphor for the ritual view of communication is considered ceremony, where the participants roles are in truth participants not sender receiver like in the transmission view. The ritual view of communication focuses on the sharing of information and the preservation crossways time. In addition the ritual view of communication is not concerned with disseminating messages over space. In the opinion of James Carey in a ritual interpretation, communication is linked to terms such as sharing, participation, association, fellowship, and the possession of a common faith (Carey 40) Therefore this view of communication calls for integration of the participants since it draws people together in fellowship and commonality, much like church for definite religions. One would not simply go to church and not take part in the singing, praying, and joyous clapping that takes place. An argument a crystalisest the ritual view of communication could be that since it is culturally biased, there could be some ethnocentric problems. This is because not everyone shares the same beliefs, so some rituals may offend others or they might misunderstand. When examining the newspaper under the ritual view, you are not intended to gain information from it, but to become one with the stories within the paper. Like the definition of ritual views says you become a participant. Under the ritual view medias are not used for sociable interaction, i.e. discussing television show with friends during conversation, but are instead forms of social integration. With all the reality TV shows around us nowadays there is some evidence that the ritual view of communication is making a slight comeback. This is because reality TV shows try to integrate the audience with the events in the show to form social connection. Reality TV shows are able to facilitate a sense of belonging, refuge and lodge even if the audience isnt directly interacting, for instance the, The Biggest Loser had a big effect on many people. Therefore under the ritual view of communication people are mor e inclined to take on vicarious roles depending on the media used.From reading the Carey article I would tend to say that he prefers the ritual view of communication because he feels that the transmission view is over used in todays society. In addition Carey feels that the transmission view of communication can no longer alimentation up with technology or the social change of modern time, Although it led to solid exploit it could no longer go forward without disastrous intellectual and social outgrowths (Carey 42) My interpretation of this is that Carey feels that with the transmission model of communication it will fail to keep up with technology and will lose its control over space. For prototype nowadays the government is having trouble controlling peer to peer institutionalize sharing, which in a sense follows the transmission model. Therefore the social consequence of this is damage to intellectual property. Carey doesnt hate the transmission model he would well(p) rath er see more of the ritual view of communication, since there is an influx of transmission communication around us. Everywhere we look transmission communication has a hold/control of us. Transmission communication is analogous to the hypodermic syringe needle effect. Meaning whatever we see in the mass media through transmission communication has a direct and powerful effect upon the audience. An resplendent example of this is advertisements commercials for trucks are made to control our thoughts and beliefs about the product in a positive way, which eventually leads to us going to buy the product. up to now under the ritual view this commercial would have helped us in connecting with a certain group or role. In conclusion, models of communication are, then, not merely representation of communication but representations for communication. (Carey 47) Therefore different models of communication allow us to communicate effectively depending on the situation, if we were advertising w e would unquestionably want to communicate through the transmission model.

Benefits Of Distributed Leadership Education Essay

Benefits Of Distri neverthelessed leading Education Es takeLeadership is non separately d consent to the Head instructor, the head of department or, in the condition dayroom the teacher. If it is, nobody is look at anything at al iodine told ab reveal tether. The inaugural tackle about lead is that it is sh bed. (Brighouse and wood, 199945)Most often administrative attractership is viewed as contrasting from any kinds of leaders in work. The exponents might be opposite since closely managerial roles be completed outside(a) the inculcaterooms while teachers leaders is exercised deep down the mobroom. Nevertheless in rail, teachers, administrators, Learning Support Assistants (LSAs), p bents and disciples finish every(prenominal) in every last(predicate) work to secureher towards the benefit of Distributed Leadership (DL). That is why Sergiovanni states that,If lead is a practice percentaged by many then it mustiness be distributed amon g those who argon in the right place at the right epoch and among those who have the ability. (2006189-190)In this section, literature go forth be bone upd and cogitate round the following questionsWhat are the benefits of distributed leadership in a inessential train?To what extent is leadership grappled out among all(a) in all stakeholders in sunflower discipline?How far can distributed leadership facilitate selecting?How useful to the grooms forward motion and advantage can distributed leadership be?What are the benefits of distributed leadership in a secondary winding schooltime?A victoryful leader is classified as such(prenominal), when s/he manages to involve others in the assist of leadership. According to Sergiovanni, when principals share leadership, they pull out to a giganticer extent power in outcome (2006185). DL likewise enables those problematic to develop their own leadership skills.With DL, Principals are oerhauling their colleagues by boo sting their self-confidence, and to involve their own closes (Nicholls, 2000). Recently, Mifsud found that Maltese Heads application shared end- fashioning to ensure widespread ownership (20087). Thus all teaching- stave (Teachers and LSAs) allow become much autonomous, while abiding with the School Development pattern (SDP) and curriculum. Sharing leadership with all stakeholders involves dedicating time to achieve good results (Brighouse and timber, 1999). The tenuous type of collegiality (Bush, 199552) works its outmatch, when the institution is formed by a minor(ip) military come on of staff. Having a large fall of teaching-staff will surely make DL difficult. Although in our schools linguistic context we have a large add of staff, DL can still work since the teaching-staff is divided into smaller groups. Likewise, Brighouse and woods say that, The smaller the school or teaching unit, the more leadership, as well as work, can be shared (199945).According to Lei thwood et al DL aids teachers to be satisfied with their work, increases their sense of professionalism, stimulates organisational change, increases efficiency and encourages cross-interactions between teaching-staff (1999115). Although, worldly and worldly wall that en hopeing teachers with self-autonomy and potency makes them expression satisfied, motivated and confident and they are likely to give their ut roughly in their job (199429) this sometimes may excessively lead the teaching-staff to overpower the Principal like it happens in our school. Yet, world-weary and Kirby (1992) found that when teachers are empowered by dint of autonomy, their attitudes and performance will get come apart. Moreover, even when leadership is shared among teaching-staff and students, this produces an attitude of respect between them, particularly when they are so directly heterogeneous. Having a democratic leader eases throw out attentive listening from subordinates, which in turn w ill alike help improve relationships.When teachers working in democratic schools but had previous experiences in other schools which have authoritarian leaders were interviewed temporal and bored (1994) reason out that teachers classroom autonomy enable them to have class curb. An autocratic hyphen bring forwarded by Brighouse and Woods north pole-north pole leadership will lead teachers to work to rule and nonhing more (199951). In contrast having a democratic style called north pole-south pole where leadership is shared among all stakeholders, will unlock enormous surges of energy and effort among professionals (Brighouse and Woods 199951). They also argue, that communion leadership will relieve Heads form some leadership underline. Thus DL, leads to sharing of function which will not remain a burden on the Heads shoulders. Until lately, according to Cauchi Cuschieri (2007), leadership in Maltese church building Secondary Schools was seen as the Head teachers job. but, the style used nowadays is oft more DL amongst stakeholders. In our school this is not the case, since from its founding, it was believed that DL enables sharing ideas and duty which last leads to the schools improvement.Duke et al, (1980) established, that the school is democratic atomic number 53 when the teaching-staff, is conglomerate in the offset of ratiocination make. Likewise, Blase and Blase argue that increasing teacher access to decision fashioning is essential to empowering teachers (199433). Also, church servicefields secondary school hold shows, that teachers feel the learn to get into in the schools care as it gives damp results in the decision making process (Bush, 1995). Finally, when a decision is taken, it is the teaching-staffs office to put it into action. So, being involved leads the staff to make a decision (Bush, 1995).Rivalland (1989 cited in Wolf residuumale 199257) bring ins a number of benefits that can be achieved from parental exponen tiation in schoolsThey work for a better wining environment since it is for their own childs interestWhatever is needed to be done in school, and whatsoever parents are able to do, they do it and they offer themselves as human resources to the schoolThey create the scholarship connection between schools and students respective piazzasWith their presence in school, they will become aware of what the school needs from time to time.Although, Wolfendale (1992) argues, that having parents involved in the take up and formulation of schools behaviour and discipline policy will give a good result this may not be applicable in our school since it seems that the Parents and Teachers Association (PTA) tackles lonesome(prenominal) social events and personalised concerns of parents. However, this will be investigated later(prenominal) on in this study.King states that students leadership is mostly exercised in the prefectorial system (1973141). However, this does not seem to be the exc ept solution for our school, since leadership is also exercised done the students council. It is received that the ultimate responsibility of decision-making in schools is in the hands of the Principal. Nonetheless, as Frost claims Schools can also be enriched by students contributions to decision-making and curriculum development (2008356). Moreover, when students are consulted in real matters such as finance they are taught some of the problematic lessons of democracy (Colgate, 1976123). Prefects and councillors are students particularly elect to help in school chasteness and decision making. If their appointment is conquestful they may also serve as role models for other students (King, 1973).Contrary to all the benefits of involving all stakeholders, one has to say that collegiality is an intense activity since it entails work after school hours. Likewise, Smylie and Denny (1990) argue that the meshing of the teaching-staff in leadership may be time consuming and may hav e an effect on the students needs. The time for training and the funding allocated for these functions are not enough, argues White (1992). These problems make DL more difficult to succeed. However since all teaching-staff in our school have free periods during the day, this may not be a problem. Adding to this, having a large number of participants might create problems in communication, even when having a wide range of different views from all participants (Bush, 1995).To what extent is leadership shared among all stakeholders in Sunflower School?Leadership is not a one man job, because to be successful this must be shared. Moyo writes thatThe concept of distributed leadership is the idea of sharing leadership amongst all stakeholders. These stakeholders, as stated earlier include head teachers, middle(a) leaders, teachers, parents and students. (201025)It is not leadership if a person orders, requires, seduces, or threatens another(prenominal)s compliance, (Sergiovanni, 2006192) . So true leadership is when it is shared among all those having the ability to be involved in it. besides, Brighouse and Woods emphasise thatOne person may be aboriginal but leadership is shared among pupils, teachers and other staff and members of the community (199948).Likewise, Leithwood et al (1999) refers to DL as a key element of many SDPs.Until recently the Head teacher in Maltese schools was seen as the schools ultimate potence (Mifsud, 2008). Rather than having an autocratic school, having a democratic one entails having a DL (Bush, 1995). With quislingism, and exchange of ideas, problems can be solved collegially, while individual qualities are authentic further (Leithwood et al, 1999). This is what Bush calls collegiality (199552), and claims that there are two different types of collegiality, one is the restricted, meaning that a number from the staff are chosen to participate in the process of decision making, while the other called subtle is the process which in volves everyone equally (Bush, 199552). Teachers, LSAs, parents and students who are enormously committed to children and school disembodied spirittime (Brighouse and Woods, 199949) are perfect for participating in DL, because they are more approachable, more trusted, and their main goal is school improvement.In one of the interviews carried out in Blase and Blases (1994) study, a teacher describes best what a shared organisation principals attitude should be like, that is, to guide not to dictate. Teachers interviewed could make comparisons of past and present principals. Although its ideal to involve everyone in the process of decision making, in the context of our school, there should be a person that leads both(prenominal) the talk overion, and assumes responsibility for victorious the final decisions, which should be the Principal or a delegate. About this, Blase and Blase state that principals are compelled to assume full responsibility over all school matters (199478). D unford et al also contain that whilst the Head will remain the leader, others will need to add a leadership role to their management responsibilities (20005).Weick (1976, cited in Blase and Blase 1994135) claims that now schools have developed into organisations, in which administrators and teachers work separately and independently. This does not appear to be our schools situation, as the stakeholders all seemed to be involved in teamwork. In contrast, Blase and Blase (1994) query presents principals under study as being open to others opinions, collegiality and DL. When this issue of DL was introduced, most Senior Management Team (SMT) members were being involved. contestation this Dunford et al (2000) say that particularly having more SMT members in a secondary school, leads to the shared responsibility and the establishment of different roles.Leithwood et al (1999121) in their study found that teachers were most likely involved in school supply and school structure and organ isation while the principals leadership is more cerebrate to management issues. In our school this is not the case as in school planning the Principal is the Chairperson. Normally, plenty think that teacher leadership is exercised only at heart the classroom. However, in democratic schools like ours, teachers are involved in all aspects of the school, even when taking decisions. Blase and Blase also state that,Successful shared institution principals show trust in teachers capacity for responsible involvement in both school-level and classroom-level decision making. (199427)Similarly Leithwood et al argued that there are two forms of teacher leadership one is the formal style for leadership of class control, or an at large(p) oneBy sharing their expertise, volunteering for new projects and bringing new ideas to the school support their colleagues to carry out their classroom duties, and by assisting in the improvement of classroom practice, (1999117).Brighouse and Woods (1999 ) concluded that because teachers are leaders in classes they dont like to be followers, and so expect to participate more in school leadership. Moreover, they also say thatSuccessful Heads are men and women with ideals and the ability to share those ideals with those whom they lead. (199954).Therefore, done the sharing and openness of ideas, leadership is shared and decisions taken will hold much more. However, in the context of our school, if leadership is to be shared and if teachers are to work in different groups, they are to be monitored either by the Principal or assistant principal. Moreover Leithwood et al, (2000) claim that the number of people involved in DL varies according to different tasks.Most efficacious distribution of leadership functions would vary the numbers of people providing leadership in response to the complexity of the tasks to be performed-more in the case of complex tasks and few in response to simple tasks (200758).enquiry shows that in Malta, Pract ically all schools have teachers involved in one team or another (LIE, 2009176). The benefits of DL indicate that Maltese schools are trying to work hard on it.Since 1980, the Education Act in England ensured parental representation on school governing bodies (Wolfendale, 199262). Likewise, the Maltese Education Act that was reformed in 2006 states that the Maltese Directorate for Educational Services,Should promote, encourage and monitor the democratic governance of schools through School Councils with the active participation of parents, teachers and students. (GOM, 20067)Thus the PTA and Students Council were introduced in Maltese Schools so that they may participate actively in school leadership and decision making. As Wolfendale (1992) said, the aim for parents participation is to represent other parents, to discuss common interest issues and to inform other parents of decisions taken through written circulars or school meetings. It is also described as a gathering for teache rs and parents to meet and engage in social and perhaps fundraising activities (Wolfendale, 199274). Furthermore, research in Malta confirms that parents are indeed involved in policy decision making and practice (LIE, 2009).Parents are everlastingly keen to participate in school leadership for the benefits of their own children and for the schools improvement (Wolfendale, 1992). In our school, this may not be the situation, since there are those who are passive and do not participate in any activities or meetings even if it regards their own childs interests. In most of the Maltese schools or colleges, only a small percentage of parents are involved through the PTA committee, while others get involved only through activities organized by the school or the PTA. Some parents are called upon by the schools to offer their expertise where necessary (LIE, 2009175). However, Wolfendale (1992) tuberositys, that sometimes teachers do not feel the benefit of parental involvement in school. Harding and Pike (1988 cited in Wolfendale, 199259) declare focuss in which parents can be directly involved in the school. This can be done throughPersonal contact with the school and staffWritten communicationPTA or other parental groups within the schoolTheir involvement in school matters and learning.In contrast, in patriarchal schools the rate of parental involvement in the PTA is higher than in the secondary. This most probably happens because secondary schools are much larger in number and more teachers are involved, so the rapport between parents and teachers may not be that strong. These issues have been called by Wolfendale as difficulties to set up and abide by teacher-parent initiatives in secondary schools (199258).The development of the School Development Plan was one of the main activities where DL was exercised in Maltese schools with the intention of including all stakeholders in planning and discussion. As the aim was for the schools improvement and improved le arning for all students, it was noticed that students were not included in any of the discussion. This issue was later tackled firstly by a students school council (LIE, 2009) and then by an Ekoskola committee, which takes contend of the environment (Bezzina, 2007).Since, students are the final achievers of the educational institution, they should have space and opportunities to share their views and talk about their needs. bell and Harrison (1998) state that it is of mutual magnificence for the school to work in collaboration with students and encourage them in teamwork. Likewise, Brighouse and Woods (1999) stress the importance of involving children in leadership roles within the school, to make them more responsible and prepare them for the world of work.However, there are two types of student leaders and these must be clearly distinguished. There are those called bullies, who use their power to intimidate others and as a result push away all other students. The other group is called unofficial leaders (Brighouse and Woods, 199948), who somehow always attract others. Moreover, they may be trusted and given a number of leadership duties to carry out as they are seen by teachers as capable and responsible pupils. To distinguish between these kinds of leaders, the school can organise a socio-gram test at the beginning or at the end of the scholastic year.How far can distributed leadership facilitate learning?Leithwood et al (1999) argue that there is a challenge between leadership practice, and the research that points out ways in which leadership chance upons students and their learning. In contrast, Spillane claims that What matters for instructional improvement and student act is not that leadership is distributed, but how it is distributed (2005149). However, Leithwood et al (2006b) maintain that after classroom teaching, leadership is next to influence students learning. Lately, Leithwood and Massey emphasised that Leadership is a major cause for the improvements in student achievement. (201079)Principals and other SMT members are encouraged to work hard towards creating a better environment for better learning. This means that they are to ensure that the school atmosphere is good both for teachers to work in and for students to learn. This does not refer only to the physical environment, but also to the distribution of leadership and teachers autonomy.Principals acceptance of trust and DL within their school means that they let the teaching-staff choose their ways and means of teaching that is best applicable for the students under their responsibility (Blase and Blase, 1994). This also can be done through encouraging teamwork between teachers and LSAs. Similarly, Bezzina claims that Only by involving all stakeholders and respecting differences can we give birth to new ideas (200686) and thus create a better atmosphere for better learning. Moreover, Brighouse and Woods highlight that DL and collaboration among all staff will r esult in raising the achievement of pupils (199983).Christopher Bezzina conducted a case study in one of the Maltese Church schools, where the academic achievement was not so high. The schools Head, having had experiences in different schools introduced the issue of DL for better learning. Teaching-staff, parents and students were encouraged to participate in the schools matters and decision making programmes. The result was successful concluding that quality improvement initiatives placed a great emphasis on the leadership of the organisation (Bezzina 200823). Thus, one can conclude that having DL in a school has a great impact on learning.According to Moyo, DL has an effect on students learning through teachers, who are the closest leaders in contact with students and their learning But in order to achieve this, teachers need to be involved and motivated by the leadership, (201023). Teachers having a personal view of DL, help children to learn more. This is done by involving them in leadership practice inside and outside the classroom. Brighouse and Woods (1999) note that even the type of teacher-student relationship has an influence on students learning. Moreover, having autocratic leadership style in class does not help in creating a learning atmosphere for students. The teacher with good student relationship encourages pupils to never give up, and aim high in life for the time to come.As stated by Blase and Blase (1994), teachers autonomy is when they are free to decide their own ways and means, to carry out their work. In Malta, teachers autonomy is mostly linked with the classroom where they are free to devise their lesson plans, with their own resources, while also having autonomy to students control, which Blase and Blase (199473) call it disciplinary matters. This kind of DL will also influence students learning. too this type of autonomy in the classroom, new methods and techniques should be tried and encouraged. This so called innovation facilitat es learning for all students, as education becomes not in effect(p) one size fits all, but adapted especially to the pupils needs (Blase and Blase 199475) through the organisation of differentiated learning. In school, this entails teamwork, reinforces collegiality and sharing of the resources within. For teachers to improve students learning, they must first share their ideals with others and then work together towards that ideal. It is the job of the management to bring those ideals together into common set of objectives, (Brighouse and Woods, 199954).Parents are considered as the first educators, great contributors of all aspects of learning, and always interested in helping their children to learn better. Wolfendale (199260) argues that, parents as educators, can make a significant contribution to childrens learning of reading and literacy skills. Moreover, Leithwood et al argue thatNo matter what the student population, involving parents to begin with in the teaching of thei r own children is most likely to contribute to childrens learning (2006a102).The study by HMI (Her Majestys Inspectors) showed that Parents involvement in schools, lead to students success (1991, cited in Wolfendale, 199256). Its interesting to study ways in which parents can help both teachers and students in relation to learning. However, one must also take note of the relationship that exists between parents and teachers and not cause any job meddling.Usually, we only think of academic results when it comes to students learning. However, research shows that through their participation in leadership, students micturate more friendship and acquire new skills. These skills are needed for their future in society. Frost claims that students participation in leadership also helps them acquire other non-academic achievements greater self-esteem, heightened self-confidence, interpersonal and political skills, and self-efficacy when students have opportunities to exercise responsibility (2008356).When given certain leadership roles, students set their own targets for learning through that experience (Brighouse and Woods, 1999), which might also be of help to other students. Brighouse and Woods (1999) argue that a teacher can give responsibility to students to help those in need in a certain matter. Through each others support, those that have less academic abilities will achieve and learn more. Research shows that pupils have so much to say about their learning, and as such they should be consulted for the benefit of their learning, and the methodology used by teachers in class (Morgan, 2011).How telling to the schools improvement and success can distributed leadership be? rat sees schools as living systems whereLeadership is distributed across the various cells that affect a school such as students, teachers, parents, unions, social services, County Hall, and local communities. (201044)Bezzinas study carried out in a Maltese Church School revealed, that when tea chers were involved in DL the majority of staff felt responsible for determining the way forward (200824). He then concluded that school improvement and success can be achieved, with hard work, sacrifice and commitment expressed by the Head teacher, the aged(a) leadership team, pupils, parents and teachers, (Bezzina, 200826). LIE maintains that when a policys decision making process involves all stakeholders in a school including, SMT, teachers, students and parentsThen the determine which are held dear by the school will be on the road to success because they would have been owned by all (2009176)Brighouse and Woods (199945) confirm that research done in the past and again lately by OFSTED shows that, leadership in schools is the key factor in improvement and success. They also argue that,A key ingredient to school success is the extent to which the values of school life are shared among all the members of the community, (Brighouse and Woods, 199955)According to Telford (1995) co llaboration between all stakeholders within a school brings about school improvement. She argues that the following points which lead to school improvement affect both the individuals within the school and the institution itselfDevelopment of the educational potential of students, professional development of teachers, good organizational health, institutionalization of vision (Telford, 1995, cited in Bell and Harrison 199814).It is interesting to note that it is much easier for principals to control goals rather than humans. To gain control for the accomplishment of a goal, leadership must be shared (Sergiovanni, 2006). microscopical (1981, cited in Sergiovanni, 2006186) found that when principals work through collegiality with teachers, the school will improve. It is of importance to equalize the principal and teachers opinions in a discussion, since no one should be preferred to the others as everyone is sharing from his/her own knowledge, for the schools best interest (Blase an d Blase, 1994). Similarly, Nicholls (2000) argue that leadership is best carried out when a number of people having the equivalent values and aims challenge each other for getting better results. In other words, one can say that school leadership is best fulfilled when all those involved in the institution, share their thoughts without being considered as superior to one another. Thus, including group activity liberates leadership and provides the framework we need for widespread involvement in improving schools (Sergiovanni, 2006186).In successful schools, when a debate crops up on school improvement, the staff should work on Involving pupils, parents and governors (Brighouse and Woods, 199983). Likewise, Davies and Davies (2010) also claim that it is crucial to involve others in school leadership as it leads to school improvement and success. Moreover, they say thatEngaging all the staff in discussions about where the school is, where it needs to go and hence the skills and knowl edge we need to learn to achieve progress is a uniting factor. (Davies and Davies, 201015)divided up leadership might bring about changes which are required for school improvement to take place. The best change is usually one generated from something or someone within the school because itRecharges energy in participants and embraces the greatest likelihood of improvement in teaching and learning styles, simply because it is so localised, (Brighouse and Woods, 199960).Changes for school improvement are gained faster, when teachers are involved in the process of decision making (Bush, 1995). Furthermore, Brighouse and Woods, (1999) argue that when change for school improvement is required, time has to be allocated in the schools diary, since the staff needs time to work on the carrying out process. In their study Leithwood et al concluded that teachers consider their participation in leadership, as a step for the school to be more effective and innovative (1999121). Moreover, when t eachers are involved in the decision making they are less likely to have adverse reactions to principals expectations.According to Dunford et al (2000) when the decision making process involves those who are closest to its impact it gives a arbitrary attitude towards school improvement. In addition, they say that if secondary schools want to be effective, leadership must be shared at least among senior staff. Furthermore, Sergiovanni (2006) emphasises that in schools where power is shared among principals, teachers, parents and others, work is done autonomously towards schools aims for school improvement. Likewise, Nicholls (2000) claims, that a shared vision is indispensable for school improvement.Trusting teachers through empowerment may lead principals to achieve their desired goals without imposing them. Building trust is critical to empowering teachers, (Blase and Blase, 199429). They also claim that this shows that the principal demonstrated great doctrine in them and valued them as experts and professionals, (Blase and Blase, 199477). Teachers involved in different leadership roles are expected to work for the improvement of the decision-making process (Leithwood et al, 1999). This collegial process of involving others in the decision making process is exercised through discussion and shared power in the institution.In a collegial, collaborative environment, principals consistently trim back on enabling others to examine and redesign schools for improved learning, and teachers learn to share power and work as a team. (Blase and Blase, 199433)Leithwood et al (2007) concluded that when DL is implemented and when opportunities are offered, staff will be much more motivated to work towards school improvement.From their research Leithwood et al established that on the loose(p) leaders had more involvement with creating high-performance expectations and motivating others than formal school leaders, while formal leaders had more to do with identifying and a rticulating a vision. (200757)With informal leaders we can include both parents and pupils. When students are at home most of them speak about their school experience with their siblings and through this parents get to know their thoughts and feelings. Hence, parents might be another link between schools and children. maternal(p) involvement in schools may bring about changes which will finally lead to school improvement. Similarly, Wolfendale argues that, parental opinion can be mobilized to bring about significant changes (199263).ConclusionSchools success lies in the skills and attitudes of the professional staff, not merely within the leadership capabilities of the principal. (Blase and Blase, 199428)Thus DL is needed for ontogeny and development because the Principal sometimes is in need of other staff members to solve certain problems. According to Bezzina, DL calls for an extension of that power vertically downwards to involve all members of staff, (2000305). Moreover, the final result of school success is a job that belon

Strategies for Utilising IT in Business Operations

Strategies for Utilising IT in Business OperationsEXECUTIVE SUMMARYCarsem founded in the year 1972 and had been acquired by Hong Leong Group in the year 1984. Carsem had been eitherocating most of its tax in the seek and cultivation to primary(prenominal)tain its position in the trade.The important objective of this piece is to understand how Carsem utilize it avail fitting learning applied science (IT) unspiritual in operational the daily seam processes cerebrate with the challenges it faced. compendium carries out alter the challenges to be group into triple categories which argon way, g all oernment and technology perspective.In the generation of this report help had been provided by Mr. Chai and Mr. Koay (IT lead from Carsem IT part) in the investigation of Carsem IT fundament and the challenges its faced in the proceeding of those theme.Apart from that this report in every case evaluates and proposes on the horde reckoning which leave help to lessen and overcome challenges identified. obnubilateing had been recognized as a a la mode(p) slant illustration and provides comprehensive go which allow Carsem to compete in the market without the inquires to spend an excessive investment in which this investment whitethorn be channel for face products and wait on research and development. besmirch cipher comes with a list of benefits and damage in which Carse unavoidablenesss to analyze and weightiness to which transmit the debaseing is inevitably in singles organisation parentage processes. An shaping that had decided to adopt clouding necessitate to realize the hail associated with the performance and come out with a series of strategy to transform those damage to benefits to be further competitive advantage in the industry.Parts of the benefits associate with clouding are Reduced in the IT root word investment.Automated agreement and finishing updatesAllow IT to shift accent in the development of flowin g programHighly secure al-Qaida by the vendorsParts of the costs associate with clouding are Organizational changes which lead to organization culture shockInformation security issueControl issue over the data and education stored in cloud1. INTRODUCTION1.1 CarsemCarsem, a tether provider of turnkey packaging and test attend tos to the semiconducting material industry, and offers one of the largest software package program and test portfolios in the world with recognition of one of the largest in unit volume production in the industry. Carsem have proved to be one of the six largest independent semiconductor sub-contract crowd houses in the world.As a member of the Hong Leong Group ( appurtenance 2), the company has been operate in the assembly and test go for over 25 age with over myriad employees and assembles in excess of 100 million units each week with 65 percent of this volume is fully electrically tested product. Carsem has three high-technology manufacturing factor ies (as sh own in Appendix 5).Carsem organizational structure as shown in Appendix 3.1.2 Carsem dodgeTo be competitive in the industry and establish a farsighted term family relationship with guest, Carsem contain not only respect with Moores Law, which express that device complexity doubles about every 18months (as shown in insert 1 Appendix 4) but to a fault to responses progressively to the Moores Second Law, which verbalize that cost incr palliate on a semi-log scale (as shown in flesh 2 Appendix 4).To coherent with the Moores Laws, Carsem Technology Center (CTC) had been naturalized as a Research and Development department in drive for the cost competitive and technology advancement. The role of the CTC as stated infra and Carsem latest technology outcomes much(prenominal) as arrangement in package (SiP), papal bull wire bond (Cu WB), and so on(as shown in Appendix 6) are some of the exertion by CTC.Re-invest living products for cost and efficiencyDevelop sa ucily capabilities in processes and equipment to push existing design envelopesIntroduction of sweet literals per assigned material roadmapDrive towards a center of excellence for semiconductor unit Subcontractor Packaging pass on a platform for the Nurturing and Education of Carsem Engineering Graduate Program1.3 Carsem serve and ProductsCarsem incorporated with highly sophisticated equipment to keep in line that the serve stated below pick up with the quality standards (as shown in Appendix 7) set by the automotive, telecommunication, cipher device and consumer electronics industries. Carsem is not only a world leader in contrive of the MLP package with over 12 billion units shipped worldwide but also excel in the services of designing modeling of new package and process.Carsem offering a full wave of turnkey test services for RF, mixed-signal, linear, digital and power devices. Product groups for each factory are shown in Appendix 5.ServicesPackaging and AssemblyTest S ervices1.4 Carsem dream and MissionCarsem employees strive to improve in quality, productivity, delivery, services and cost in order to be competitive and profitable in lieu with Carsem pot and Mission shown in Table 1.The homepage URL of the Carsem semiconductor unit is http//www.carsem.com/.1.5 Semiconductor applicationSemiconductors, or microchips, are tiny, powerful devices that nurse electrical current. They work bid electric switches, either blocking or conducting the flow of electrical current. The best known semiconductors element is silicon. As per the Wikipedia, the semiconductor industry is the aggregate array of companies engaged in the design and fabrication of semiconductor devices, or microchips.Semiconductor industry had been considered as a high-technology industry by where the companies allocate a large sum of their revenue to research and development. The industry is recognized as a key driver for economic growth in new-fashioned years by where the develop ment of new semiconductor products, manufacturing technologies and applications has lead to the development of other important industries, such(prenominal)(prenominal) as computers, telecommunications, and consumer electronics. The industry consists of four main products as shown in Table 2.In year 2009, Intel placid dust as the market leader for 18 consecutive years disrespect the global semiconductor revenue decline on year 2009. misbegotten spell as per the source from iSuppli Corporation, the global semiconductor revenue on year 2010 had growth to $304 billion with a growth of 32.5 percent sewervas to year 2009. Top 20 semiconductor suppliers ranking recorded by iSuppli Corporation such as Intel, Samsung, Toshiba, etc as shown in Appendix 8.2. CARSEM randomness TECHNOLOGY INFRASTRUCTURE2.1 Computer hardware platformCarsem engaged with dingle and Acer on it client machines meanwhile dingle, Sun and Hewlett-Packard (HP) had been chosen in the put up of it Server machin es. The reason behind the choice is none others that cost related end and the after sales service support and nourishment.2.2 direct trunk (OS) platformCarsem had been adopting in Microsoft Windows (Windows 7, Windows Vista, Windows XP, Windows 2000 and Windows NT4) for years in managing the choices and activities of the client machines. Linux, catchpenny(prenominal) and ample open-source software Microsoft Windows Server 2008, most pliable and robust OS had two motif the choice of Carsem for it server OS. Sun Solaris is also another OS by Carsem in managing it server machines. The need to control and reduce IT spending and license cost had been the main factors for above OS selection.2.3 Enterprise software applicationCarsem had been attached with Oracle and Microsoft for years such as Oracle Database, SQL Server, Microsoft Exchange 2010, Microsoft Office, etc for it enterprise software application. The interrelationship surrounded by OS and enterprise software applicati on had make Carsem to make such a decision with the consideration of Carsem ineluctably.2.4 Data prudence and depotCarsem selected dingle Equalogic Storage area networks (SANs) network-establish storage technologies which connect multiple storage devices on a separate high-speed network consecrate to storage. The SAN with it huge storage capacity and stable performance is suitable for Carsem business processes.2.5 Networking and telecommunication platform, net income platformCarsem wide area network (wide area network) had been attach with Telekom Malaysia (TM) providers for years collectible to the provider able to provide Carsem with a customized package pricing. Apart from that, WAN network equipment such as network termination unit (NTU) circuit, lake herring router is provided by TM as well.Carsem had been using Cisco router and switch for it local area network (LAN) for years for it is a market leader. Mean while as per considerment direction Dlink Wireless AP had be en the choice in support Carsem wireless local area network (WLAN). To further align with management direction cost related, Carsem had been deploy with Voice over Internet communications protocol (VOIP) under Asterisk for the recent years.2.6 Consultants and system integratorsCarsem maintain a invariable consultation contract with it providers such as Microsoft, dell, Cisco, and TM due to providers able to provide a consistence and prompt service as needed. Providers sea captain skills and experiences on the infrastructure often give a handy solution to Carsem in a fourth dimensionly manner to minimize the factory losings due to the IT infrastructure eat time.2.7 Choice of CarsemIn general the factors touch on the selection of IT infrastructure in Carsem including the management direction, business processes, budget, licenses, ease of use, bearing swing, support, maintenance, associated partnership micturate and etc.Take one examples, in choosing the marking of client com puter hardware, there top executive be a flesh of vendors offering the same detailation. But due to the product life span and in house supporting, Carsem had chosen Dell.Reason for engaging with Dell for years is due to the redundant to change by where the organization provide need to go done a total change and adopt all necessary. Although the process is onetime deal but if the change does not breed a great improvement and additional benefits there is no tax to make the change. This potential changes will also resulting in significant increase of the company cost.Another factor that is affecting the selection would be on the cost basis, by where the selected providers able to provide the infrastructure is a comparatively low price compare to its competitors. This point is also applied to the maintenance cost.Dell solid reputation proven to be a unquestionable and prompt support services provider and that is another reason of Carsem choice. Dell also provides complete soluti on through its partnerships with software vendors such as Microsoft.As per Ratnam (Carsem former group IT Manager), Carsem manage to get Microsoft licensing through Dell so that the servers and desktops supplied to Carsem arrive with pre-installed software, all within one purchase order.For examples, in selecting an OS platform, Microsoft is preferable over others due to the system is to a greater extent flexible and robust by where it can support a wide range of application include a third party software.2.8 Carsem challenges in managing IT infrastructureCarsem faced with a legacy IT infrastructure that could not be bear the expanding manufacturing orders, the organization wanted to consolidate its server surroundings. The larger Carsem user base, the more diverse the environment, the greater the challenge will be. Some of the challenges are as per Table 3.Table 3 Challenges in managing IT infrastructure3. denigrate calculation3.1 Cloud computingCloud computing, a new delivery model refers to style of computing in which various resources servers, applications, data, and other often virtualized resources are integrated and provided as a service over the Internet (Australian Government, surgical incision of Finance and Deregulation, 2011).Cloud provides virtual server, software, store and secure immense amounts of data, application, which is cordial only by the authorized applications and users. Cloud computing eased the consolidation of photos, maps, and GPS information to create a mash up in customer Web browsers.As per professional same US National fetch of Standards and Technologys (NIST) and Sun Microsystems, 2009, cloud computing is pay-per-use networking computer with a minimal management effort and service provider interaction. Visual of NIST working definition cloud computing as shown in Appendix 9.3.2 Cloud computing singularity and typesIn general there are five immanent characteristics that rear the cloud model included on-demand self s ervice, broad network access, resource pooling, rapid elasticity and measured service. In detail cloud computing change user to adopt and devise various resources as ones compulsion without interaction with the services providers at any for sale clients platform such as laptop, mobile phones or PDAs. User gathers necessary resources through clouding in a flexible manner without the awareness on the resources location in a pay-per-use method. Detailed descriptions of each characteristic are shown in Appendix 10.Cloud computing can be on man cloud, private cloud, or hybrid cloud depending on an organization necessity (Appendix 11). Temporary application may be deploy in a human beings cloud due to cost censes and likewise a dedicated application should adopt a private or hybrid cloud.3.3 Cloud computing services modelsCloud computing providing a comprehensive services from hardware to applications and all this services may be grouped into three categories Software as a Service (SaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) as per Appendix 12. Organization will choose a cloud service based on the organization specific business, technical, and operational requirements.SaaS is a model that offers software as service over the internet. SaaS eliminates the need to install and range the application on the client hardware. PaaS providing a computing platform as service which compliance of cloud infrastructure and cloud applications. IaaS services deliver a virtualization platform for computer infrastructure.The top cloud computing providers such as virago, Google, 3Tera, etc are shown in Appendix 13.3.4 Cloud computing trendsCould computing isnt a new technology or a new architecture its a new delivery model. This model is still an evolving paradigm. As per NIST, cloud computing definitions, use cases, underlying technologies, issues, risks, and benefits will be refined in a spirited debate by the public and private sectors. These definitions, attributes, and characteristics will acquire and change over time.In general cloud computing is like weather, full with uncertainty but a trend can be observed through it grow. The top ten cloud computing trends of current clouding are as stated below (Appendix 14).3.5 Cloud computing solutions3.5.1 virago Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2)Amazon EC2 is a specialise IaaS by where it provides a sizeable computing capacity to an organization through clouding. Amazon EC2 with the pay-per-use concept allow an organization to scale up and down as per the latest computing requirement by only paid for capacity the organization actually use. It saves the involve for an organization to spend severely on its IT infrastructure in order to operate its business processes. Amazon EC2 allows an organization to have complete control over the selected combination of instances, operating systems and software. With the highly reliable environment and numerous securing mechanisms, Ama zon EC2 providing an assurance service to an organization. With the Amazon CloudWatch, an organization can had an overview of its resources utilization and performance at own pace. This solution is suitable to be adopting by Carsem as it coherent with the business processes and environment requirement.3.5.2 Google App EngineWith its specialties in PaaS, Google App Engine enables an organization to develop and entertain applications on the cloud platform without the needs for the organization to hold any server. With no set-up costs and recurring fees, an organization will only need to pay on the resources such as storage and bandwidth that are use by organization to support those applications. Google App Engine with its ability to automatic scaling enables an organization to scale up and down according to its current needs.3.6 Cloud computing benefits and costs clouding able to reduces organization hardware and boilersuit IT expenses, apart from the benefits of pay-per-use. With t he scalability of the clouding, organization may choose to expand its storage without the needs to pay an expensive price for the hardware and the programs. The availability of Cloud solutions enables an organization to run project at own ease and increase the deployment of new products. There is no payment needed by the organization on the future updates due to clouding provide automate updates services.Clouding reduces IT focus on system administration work such as manage servers and application upgrades and channel their skills in integrating the legacy system with the new cloud solution. The availability of templates allows the implementation and deployment of cloud services is much easier and minimizes the needs of IT. Clouding also enable users to access and updates information anywhere as their own convenience.Data are being managed and protected by the delicate vendors and the amounts of infrastructure needed had been the responsible of the cloud providers. This will ease t he pain in the ass of an organization in deciding on the purchasing and the maintenance of the infrastructure base on the rapidly increasing workload. With the high secure infrastructure by the cloud providers, an organization is being relief off the infrastructure disaster such as power lines cut off, flooding, fire, security, etc.Clouding able to reduce the run time of an applications and enable the batch jobs to be completed in a short time frame so that management able to make a prompt decision.As the cloud services is provided via internet, internet service loss may result an organization unable to perform its business processes or unable to make a prompt decision. Due to the physical infrastructure locations is unknown to the organization, the data and information might run at risk of not be compliance with local privacy requirements. Apart from that organization might run at a risk that the data being expose to others users especially for public cloud which might had hundred s to thousands user.Organization might loss of control over its storage due to had no insight of cloud provider accident procedures whether there are any backup, restore and disaster recovery. Organization might run into cloud providers that are using different application programme interface which resulting both application unable to synchronize.Below table total a list of benefits and costs in running cloud computing.4. CLOUD COMPUTING ADOPTIONCarsem need to find into consideration forces such as market demand, business strategy, IT department strategy, IT assessment and competitors IT infrastructure related services in the implementation of cloud computing.4.1 Market demand for Carsem servicesSemiconductor industry had been growing in a pace and face continuous demand for products. In order to maintain its position in the market, Carsem needs to ensure that its customers, suppliers and employees are satisfied with the services provided.Currently Carsem facing with the challe nges of maintain a unassailable rapport with its customers by where queries unable to be attend on time and customers facing a hard time in getting a real time product status via extranet established by Carsem. Apart from that suppliers also having difficulty in monitoring the black materials inventory level for a prompt replenish due to no inventory tracking system established.There is no real time data shared with the oversea sales team which will enable the team to make an on time potential sales decision due to the data are locked away with the factory. Mean while information availability to the in house employees to make an immediate disposition is an existing challenge, as the information is only made ready(prenominal) to a specific level of employees with granted access right.4.2 Carsem business strategyCarsem goal of maintaining as a leading semiconductor sub-contract assembly house by providing energy defects products in a reasonable pricing achievable through a series of strategy such as maintaining a good relationship with the customers, continuous improvement system towards zero defects, quality control measurement, on-going research and development of high-technologies products and comprehensive monitoring system.In order to maintain a good relationship with customers, on time delivery and products information profile need to made available. To further impress the customers, Carsem employees will need to be able excel in operational, services and technology delivery. A good monitoring system will ensure that the product deliver on time with zero defects, never the least ensure that Carsem inventories is in a healthy state. Continuous improvement system such as employee insinuation system (ESS) or operators advancement training program will ensure that the employees equipped with needed information for their job.4.3 Carsem IT department strategyIT department is a crucial department in driving Carsem business strategy to meet with market dema nds. The department prior tactic is to conduct a end-to-end analysis by department basis to understand each department requirements and access needs towards the use of information system. The result will enable the IT department to create a fitting system to drive the business strategies smoothly to achieve information sharing and better decision making. then total cost ownership (TCO) analysis is needed to justify to which extend an investment is needed. TCO included direct costs and indirect costs such as software and hardware acquisition cost, setup cost, maintenance cost, infrastructure cost, downtime cost, space and energy cost associate with non other the hiring cost. Management will be able to make a wise decision base on the TCO analysis.4.4 IT assessmentIT department strategy will lead to the need of IT assessment, as an appropriate IT tools are key to IT strategy success. IT assessment will be consisting of an inventory check on the current IT infrastructure available in house in comparison to IT infrastructure needed in association of the IT strategy drawn. The assessment will also need to take into consideration whether the IT infrastructure compatible with individual department needs. Apart from inwrought assessment, external assessment is also critical. A comparison also need to be carry out between IT infrastructure suppliers to enable a better choice taking into consideration the factors such as cost, support, standard, licensing etc. IT department need to ensure that there is a database information available persistence to customers IT infrastructure so that Carsem data and information successfully enjoin to customer.The most common systems used in today market included ERP system, data mining system, information sharing system, reporting system to dethaw current challenges faced by Carsem effectively with future expansion thusly cloud computing will be the optimum environment to run above mention system.4.5 Competitor services and invest mentIn scathe of the hardware platform, Carsem nearest competitor is engaged with Dell and conducting with dos system for its software. In general, Carsem and its competitor are offering the same standard of services to its stakeholders. To a certain point, Carsem competitor had a better system by where they had establish a share point system by where it allows employees to transfer and share documents thru share point portal. In term of the operation system support, Carsem is gaining an advantage as Carsem had engaged with MES system compare to its competitor which still yet to develop to the MES.5. CONCLUSIONS5.1 RecommendationsCarsem should go for cloud computing to be at the edge of competitive advantage. Cloud computing solutions such as Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2), Google App Engine are suitable to be adopted by Carsem. The stated clouding solution will ease off the burden such as managing issues, financial costing, and maintenance puzzle and in the mean time promote a secure environment for data storage and enable the user to access whenever and wherever they like.5.2 summary of findingsCarsem had been rapidly growing to achieve competitive advantage in the semiconductor industry. Through the competitive forces model, it is get to know that Carsem is facing with the problem of comforting its stakeholders due to the incompetence IT infrastructure. Carsem will also need to ensure that both its business strategy and IT strategy are aligned to meet with the markets demand. special knowledge of its competitors services and IT infrastructure investment are some essential forces in determining Carsem success.Challenges identified associate in managing Carsem IT infrastructure can be grouped into three categories which are management, organization and technology perspective. Carsem need to realize that information system is the key for solving business problems. As such information system needs to be managed wisely to gain competitive advantage in t he market. Information delivers on time will save up time and in turn resulting in cost saving.

Marketing and market entry strategy in india

merchandise and grocery store immersion strategy in indiaA grocery storeplace launching strategy maps out how to sell, deliver and move on HMs crosswayions in an icy country such as India. When products and serve ar exported to another country, the strategy ingest define ways of obtaining contracts and delivering them in that country.If HM has dissolved to conquer the planetary market in India, it is capable to m all another(prenominal) choices. These options may include the cost, risk and the degree of control that the union bequeath encounter in the country. In entering an international task, it is primary(prenominal) that the direction of the HM should be adequate to choose market accounting unveiling strategies and conservatively choose the product that the company provide market in India.Exporting, is the simplest signifier of selling entry strategy which includes direct or indirect rule such as victimisation an agent, in the case of direct mode and counter trade if the company opted to implement an indirect method. Due to expert advances, direct merchandise is staging a comeback, leading to a birth preference.Moreover, since HM wants to be hold upn worldwidely, there are many other ways the company sack up choose from like joint pretend or export processing z i. The management of HM may decide to choose the export strategy and include in their operation the proper(postnominal) channels to market their product. kindred marketing has revolutionized the traditional marketing and has stimulate the biggest paradigmatic shift in marketing practice in upstart decades.It has not precisely changed nodes to advocate by replacing client atonement by guest delight exactly has alike increased timberland dish out offers that exceeds expectations. Similarly, it entrust open new horizons for HM. It entrust trigger the HM to introduce new products and services. jibe to Berry and Parasuraman (1991 25) kind marke ting concerns lureing, development and retaining customer descents. Relationship marketing go away try HM with requisite selling approach to cope with various challenges, set by the new-fangled market in India. Relationship marketing transforms single usage to tenfold service usage and bequeath strengthen HM by providing them the wherewithal with which they send away carry out effective customer services in India.Nowadays, ambition in behavior industry and demands of customers are increasing constantly. They demand for global shape company like HM where there are nutrition for an bonus to the customer. So, strong commitment to customer care, attraction and brinytenance at all levels are the top priority of HM, while dealing with the customers. Relationship marketing will help HM to overcome these problems and make the gross revenue procedures much simpler. Palmer (2001) enumerated the components of family family kind marketing as organism a revolve around on custom er loyalty and guardianship long term orientation tracing identifi adapted buyers distinguishing diametrical levels of human kinship between the buyer and the marketer high levels of customer dedication and service quality as being the responsibility of every employee. Relationship marketing will transform listless customers into loyal clientele and emphasizes on their storage. Customer retention is the means to delivering semipermanent profitability in HM.Customer relationships management focuses on customer retention, and customer retention is believed to be more profitable than customer acquisition. Dawkins and Reichheld (1990) found that higher(prenominal) retention rate leads to higher net present value of customers. The lasting customers crapper be retained by HM, the more and more palpable benefits will accrue from a sustained income stream. The end goal of relationship marketing is profit for HM. Saren and Tzokas (2000) raised the usefulness of relationship marketin g in creating unique, difficult to imitate feelledge by dint of the processes of interaction and dialogue with the customer. experience to the highest degree customers can only be enhanced if HM is able to maintain lasting relationships with their customers.The determinants of store choice, customer loyalty, patronage behaviour, customer retention and relationship marketing seduce been widely studied around the globe. therefore, a considerable volume of literature exists, especially regarding port industry. However, there is even considerable scope for search in this field as the surround of elbow room industry is in a constant state of move and the emergence of new store formats in India has led to dramatic changes in consumer behaviour. New and existing fashion industry tend to provide a completely new experience for their consumers by offering sophisticated customer service, a wide and assorted variety of goods, breakfast ambience, quality import and checked products. Since, fashion has invading people style of living and HMs the product that has been chosen to go international market. Hence, this investigate will suggest a marketing entry strategy for HM using Porters Five Forces stupefy (Porter, 1980) and SWOT analysis of other HM companies in other countries. The company is a new entrant to the Indian Market, thus, this paper will provide a marketing entry strategy analysis for the company as it invade the market in India.Competitors AnalysisCompetitors analysis is very important since HM is a new entrant within the market place. It is all-important(a) so that the HM will be able to know their competitors and the affirmable strategy that they may use to level up such competitors and know the postulate of the goat market. Thus, this means that HM will enter the India as a beginning industry considering many competitors within the market place.Marketing Entry AnalysisUtilizing Marketing MixMarketing is considered as one of the most(preno minal) important element underpinning successful business creation and because of its mixed applications, marketing is defined in a variety of ways (Sheth, Gardner, and Garrett 1988). According to Elliot (1990), the marketing concept was first promulgated in the late 1950s. The greatness of marketing concept incorporates oft-repeated elements such as customer orientation integrate marketing efforts and resultant profitability (Elliot, 1990).The marketing mix principles can be adjusted on a frequent basis to meet the ever- changing needs of the target market and other dynamics of marketing surround (McCarthy, 2004). In relation to marketing plan, marketing mix includes both picayune term and long term strategies makes for a more profitable marketing mix. Long term strategies build brand/company awareness and give sales revenue a permanent, gradual boost. Short term strategies hit a temporary, immediate revenue boost by giving buyers an incentive to purchase. By implementing bot h long and short term strategies, you can observe to immediate sales goals while building your business reputation and state of grace (Kyle, 2004).1.1. ProductHM AB (originally known as Hennes Mauritz) is a Swedish clothing company, known for retail of low-cost designer clothings. It was established in Vsters in Sweden in 1947 by Erling Persson, though at the time it only sold womens clothing and was called Hennes, which means hers in Swedish. Persson acquired the exposit and inventory of a Stockholm hunting equipment store named Mauritz Widforss in 1968. Persson expand into menswear and renamed the store to Hennes Mauritz, later abbreviated to HM (www.hm.com).H M is the worlds favourite(a) and preferred designer of apparels and clothing for man and women. In addition, H M is in any case known not only for their fashion cosmetic but because of the quality of the change state designed durability and the funkiness of its clothes. Through the online stores, HM provides the re gional, Continental and European Market an exclusive clothing designs. The main goal of HM is to provide innovative designs of apparels and clothes for opposite types of people in distinguishable countries all over the world. The company is known because of its strategy of providing clothing designs wholly for each countrys preferences and needs.1.2. PricingH M is believed to have advantages when it comes to its pricing tactic. In order to be known into the market place and as a new entrant, the company will provide its target market with an low-priced cost while providing them a high quality products and services. The company will be given the customer and client a price that is lesser than its competitors so that the consumer will be enhanced to buy and patronize the H M clothes and cosmetics.1.3. Placement/DistributionThe HMs products will be distributed directly to its clients and consumers in order to be known in the market place. HM products can utilize joint venture str ategies with distinguished distributor of apparels, clothes and cosmetics, providing them with great offers, so as to market the product of the H M internationally.In 2003, HM announced its entry into the traditionally exclusive Milan fashion scene. It remains to be seen if HM and other low-end retailers will be able to find a market there. In February 2004, The Gap, another prominent international retailer, sold off all of its German outlets to its competitor, HM.HM launched its first American outlet on March 31, 2000 on New Yorks famous one-fifth Avenue. Following the success its stores, additional outlets were opened in the SoHo, Gramercy, and Herald jog areas of Manhattan, followed by outlets in Upstate New York in Syracuse, Utica, and West Nyack. The brand then expanded to other regions of the country, including Chicago and its outlying suburbs.The first deuce HM stores to appear on the West Coast of the US opened in San Francisco, California on November 19th, 2005. HM opene d its first Canadian store in Fairview Mall in Toronto and soon after, its store in Torontos Eaton Centre was opened in March 2004. Following great fiscal success, HM opened ten other stores within the Greater Toronto Area. Stores were in like manner opened in Montreal in Spring 2006.HM continued its magnification in the Canadian market and doubled the number of stores in 2006. It think new markets include Barrie, Hamilton, London, Kitchener/Cambridge/Waterloo, St. Catharines and Windsor and Ontario market, Fairview (Pointe Claire) shopping centre, Rockland Centre, the Galeries dAnjou and the Carrequartette Laval. (www.hm.com)1.4. Promotion/CommunicationHM can use video advertisements, print advertisements and the concept of e-marketing to promote its products. These fronting and communication strategy will tend to meet the consumers form unalike places everywhere, especially those target markets or the consumers in the working place.Moreover, since the trend in the market pla ce today is the usage of e-marketing, the company will provide a website that any client can access. The use of the Internet is changing technologically advanced marketing overnight while variant industries have been trying to use it as part of their marketing strategy. It does not only reconfigured the way different firms do business and the way the consumers buy goods and services but it also become instrumental in transforming the value range of mountains from manufacturers to retailers to consumers, creating a new retail distribution channel (Donthu and Garcia, 1999). E-marketing is a tendinous tool used that can be used by HM. E-marketing is defined as the process of achieving marketing objectives through the use of electronic communication theory technology (ICT). Smith and Chaffey (2001) have provided a 5Ss learning devices on how the profit can be applied by all business firms for different e-marketing tactics. These 5Ss are useful for HM and are selling, serve, speak, s ave and sizzle.E-marketing or online marketing strategy can be used by HM to market its products. Thus, the HM has created its own website (www.hm.com). HM will use the e-marketing strategy is to proceed in touch to different internet exploiters and to be able to attract more clients and consumers. HM will use e-marketing to accelerate its business portfolio whether the user of the website is a customer, employee, stockholders, vendors, retailers or end customers.1.5. Market SegmentationMarketing air division is defined as an aggregating process clustering people with similar needs into a market segment (Perreault McCarthy, 2002 74). According to Ravesteyn (2005), customer variance is vital for an effective relationship marketing strategy. HM will provide its target consumers for its product by using market sectionalisation strategy. The segmentation of the market is a critical aspect of relationship marketing and the segmentation of business customers by HM must be in line with the different levels of relationship offered by the company. They need to make use of relationship marketing and management at segment or market level to signalize the target market they intend pursuing (Stewart, 1995). Primarily, the context of the market segmentation for this company will be the Psychographics. Strydom, Cant Jooste (2000) identify the following four types of segmentation demographic, geographic, psychographic and behavioural segmentation. Psychographics includes social class, lifestyle, and personality variables (Chiagouris and Kahle, 2000). The end result of using these variables is a psychological profile of each market segment. Issues also examined the customers loyalties, habits and self-concept. tender class withdraws how individuals want their office automation will meet their simplicity and satisfaction, what they consider important about their immediate surroundings, their opinions on various issues, and their interests.As lifestyle studies conce ntrates on what the consumer implys, using these discover results as marketing strategies in the end became a marketing concept. The marketing concept is a basic philosophy that maintains that HM should endeavour to satisfy the needs and wants of customers through a interrelated set of activities that also allows the HM to achieve its goals at a profit. The HM must be able to consider its consumer, especially the demands of the consumer so as to let the business have an opportunity of having an expansion of its business portfolio as required by the consumers.The focus of this overview is on the behavioural segmentation process, which refers to the segmentation of buyers or customers into groups on the basis of their knowledge of, attitude towards, use of or response to a product or service of a HM. The behavioural variables identified by Kotler (2000) includeOccasions occasional buyers develop needs, purchase, or use products.Benefits refer to the benefits that buyers seek.Us er status includes potential users, regular users, non-users, first-time users or ex-users.Usage rate will include light, medium or sedate users.Loyalty status are classified as sturdy-core loyals, disassemble loyals, shifting loyals and switchers.Buyers-readiness stages where the customers are either aware or unaware of the product or service, informed, interested, have a desire for the product or service and have intent to buy.Attitude enthusiastic, positive, indifferent, negative and hostile.enquiry ObjectivesRelationship marketing will contribute significantly to the development of HM in India. Therefore, it becomes inbred to use up its applications in a fashion company in India. This study fulfils this need. The study addresses the different pros and cons of relationship marketing in a fashion company in India.Thus, the general think of this research investigation is to identify, describe and analyse factors that have an seismic disturbance on relationship marketing , customer retention and customer acquisition in Indian fashion context. The main objectives of this study are given below,To identify, describe and analyse factors that will have an strike on relationship marketing, customer retention and customer acquisition in a fashion company and at HM in India.To valuate the views of customers of HM in India, how they feel about the companys relationship with them.To gain perceptiveness on how HM in India build customer relationship marketing tactics.To understand and determine the mediating role of customer behavior between relationship marketing and customer retention and acquisition.To indentify the market entry strategies for HM in India. inquiry QuestionsWhat is the relationship marketing tactics practiced by the HM in India?What is the market entry strategy practiced by the HM in India?DeliverablesAs it has been described in the objectives of the research acoustic projection that the main purpose of this study is to examine the market entry strategies and relationship marketing by HM in India and customer relationships in Fashion federation and to find out how fashion company relationships with customers promotes its entry in India. The concluding product of this research project will be a account statement, containing the HMs relationship strategy and market entry strategy in India, what are their advantages and disadvantages. The report will contain the perceptions of employee and customers. Finally, the report will highlight most relationship marketing problems of HM and a fashion company and suggest some guidelines to remove these problems and improve its customers base in India.Research Methodology provoke customer and would be customers of HM in India will be approached to put one across the information. There are two kinds of data.Primary dataSecondary dataPrimary data includes the information about relationship marketing and market entry strategy uncommitted from customers of HM in India. This als o includes responses by the different employee of HM on the shop-floor. Secondary data will promulgate about the disturb of relationship marketing in the retailers and the data has been available in their system. To collect the data, retailers employees, posted at different positions, will be contacted. Similarly, to assess the changes in retail services, caused by the relationship marketing, customers views will also be found out.The tools to collect this data will be the surveys. For this, employees and customers will be interviewed, where as to know the views of customers, different questionnaires will be prompt to ask them different questions.To analyze the collected data, different statistical techniques will be used.Qualitative research can be referred to as the opposite of quantitative research method. Any research method has its advantages and it disadvantages. Qualitative research is a study done that produces its results and findings that do not result from statistical means or other method of quantification. This method of inquiry requires a high level of intelligence and experience from the researcher to arrive at a more realistic and targeted data from the respondent.Quantitative research is referred to as a measurement of how people feel, think or act in a particular way and that this survey tend to include enceinte samples from fifty to any number of interviews, structured questionnaires containing mostly closed questions that require questions along with set responds. This involves the clear statement of variables i.e. specifying the dependent and the independent variable.ResourcesThe most important thing to carry out any research project is to know the background, research objectives, and research methodology of the research project. For this literature is searched out. The University subroutine library will be the primary source to review the literature. Books in hard and soft form will be obtained from the library. Similarly, different research journals and articles in the library will be valuable assets to prepare a all-around(prenominal) research report.To prepare the questionnaires, surveys done by Fashion Company to know the relationship marketing and market entry strategy will be used. Similarly new questionnaires, depending on the situation, will also be prepared. escort PlanThe project is divided into three stages.Literature reviewInterviews of employees of HM and their customersReport writingLiterature ReviewTo carry out any research project, a research must be able to review the literature. This makes researcher aware of work, done by other people in the respective field. The main source of literature is the journals, in which different researchers promulgate their findings of problems.Interviews of retail employees and customersIn order to collect information on the impact of market entry strategy and know impact on relationship marketing in the Indian fashion company, the employees of HM will be inte rviewed. They will be asked about the positive and negative points of relationship marketing utilization in their stores. Similarly, customer views will be taken through the interviews. Considering all these views, suggestion to improve the customer services will be advised.Report writingThe final product of the research project will be a written report. The structure of my report will be divided in following categories,IntroductionIn the introduction, the market entry strategy and history of relationship marketing use in fashion sector will be discussed and how different relationship marketing systems will be used to address the issues of HM, with the passage of time.Aims and objectivesIn this part of report, purpose of the research project will be stated very clearly what are the aims of the study and what are the problems, which will be discussed in the report.Research methodologyThis is the core part of the report. After stating the problem, different research methodologies wil l be explained to gather the data. The primary source will be the interviews of the employees and customers. From these interviews, impact of relationship marketing and market entry strategy of HM will be assessed. The questions asked to employees and customers will be provided in the appendix of report.ConclusionsAfter describing the problems and research methods, suggestion will be advised to eliminate the highlighted problems.RiskIn order to carry out any research project, it is very important to study all the aspects of the project. peerless of the main aspects regarding any project is the risks involved. There are also some risks involved, regarding the research project under consideration. One risk can be privacy. HM employees can be duty-bound(predicate) and show reluctance to give information about their working procedures and on relationship marketing operations, used in the fashion company.Impact and Beneficiaries of ResearchThe main objective of this research activity is to investigate the market entry strategies and relationship marketing by HM in India and customer relationships in Fashion Company and to find out how fashion company relationships with customers promotes its entry in India. This research can be very helpful for the fashion sector. For instance, it will analyze the effectiveness of relationship marketing and its market entry strategies in India. It will determine the views of HM employees about the introduction of relationship marketing in their working environment. From this, both positive and negative points about the role of relationship marketing in the fashion sector, put forward by the HM employees, can be known. Similarly, the customers views about the insertion of relationship marketing and the effect of HMs market entry strategy can be found out. Customers level of satisfaction about the HMs customer services can be assessed. This report will also show the comparison of different strategies among different HMs companies wo rldwide and how they use relationship marketing to achieve the equal target. By knowing the views of customers through this study, their difficulties while dealing with HM, can also be discovered. This report will also address these issues and suggest solutions to carry off these problems. So, the major beneficiaries of this report are the management of HM and by considering the suggestions of the report, they can improve their market entry strategies, customer services and hence the customer relationship from HM will be invigorated.