Athletes and Ethics: The Choice to be Role Models

The merits and ethics of athletic scholarships, and the accountability athletes had to accept to conform to projected social norms is a contentious issue.On one hand, the pressures athletes face depend on the nature of the various normative and actual notions of role models projected onto athletes by the relevant institutions, the branches of these institutions, and society at large. However, the pressures athletes face depend on the attitude of the athlete towards the concept of the ‘role model’, and how seriously the athlete takes subjective notions of public image   and civic virtue.The social and institutional versus athlete pressure/role model dynamic essentially hinge on whether athletes should be viewed as role models, the difficulty in being a role model, whether they should indeed be expected to be role models, or if athletes even have a choice in the matter.Athletes and Ethics: Big Pressure for High School and College AthletesA young boy enters the house in h is favorite purple Lakers jersey. As he sat in front of the television, he sees his favorite basketball star, Kobe Bryant, arrested for allegedly sexually assaulting of a woman.   From the perspective of civic functionality, there are some strong views against the use of athletes as role models.Citing the high profile example of Kobe Bryant, Brown (2005) contends that there can be a discrepancy between the public persona and private deeds of high profile professional athletes. Bryant’s case is instructive of cases where an athlete’s public good standing can be shattered in the light of public scrutiny. Whether or not there was truth to the allegations, did Bryant hold any responsibility to the public regarding the damage this has to his image? Either way, he did not have a choice.Athletes as Role Models: A Perception of the Past  At issue here was the view that to be a role model was defined by the contributive function made by a member of society. Doctors, police, firefighters and soldiers were apparently more intrinsically deserving of the social abstraction of â€Å"role model.† However, the philanthropic activity of athletes did not negate their supposed lack of social function outside of a sport (Brown, 2005).The emergence of the celebrity status of athletes as role models of the youth may seem to be a product of mass media and marketing. To prove that this was not so, all puns aside, Mosher (1998) gave further credence to the image of sports people as role models.A presentation of the athletes as role models in a historical and sociological context must be done to show the perception these sports people had for the longest time. The British amateurism in the sports of the 19th century, where amateurism and elitism worked hand in glove to exclude the working classes from any participation in certain sports that were the reserved for the â€Å"civilized gentlemen† of the ruling elite (Mosher, 1998).Chivalry was the image of role models, as translated to the modern century America’s language, was both universally accepted and desirable. America, where improving one’s lot was the central pillar for its foundation, did not let amateurism find fertile ground in this self-proclaimed egalitarian nation.Hence, with professionalism and the social mobility associated with it, came the desire of upstanding role models in sport inherited by concepts of chivalry in the Old World.Going back further in time, the Greeks were seen to greatly influence how heroism was related to sports. During their time, sportsmen were regarded as heroes. Competition was something that was highly regarded and those who participated were regarded to be men who were above ordinary men (Boon, 2005).The hero figure was someone who had physical strength, courage and an innate ability to confront dangerous circumstances without fear; most of these qualities were attributed to their Greek athletes as well as to their great warr iors. A hero was the Greek’s version of the public’s role model, even if it the modern term was an understatement and less romanticized.Athletes still held the same power, influence and impact that were given by history to sportsmen. They were ideally seen to transcend mediocrity and to prove themselves by exceptional acts and to serve as perfect examples because of their superior qualities (Boon, 2005). They were seen to dominate human action and to symbolize success and perfection, as well as the conquest of evil. Thus, they were seen to be men of good character because if they were not it would mean they were imperfect and mediocre.Aside from the Greek correlation of sports and heroism, aside from physical development, how did sports become a tool to build character in the American perception? There was a time wherein sports was not even considered to be something good in American life as it was seen to be the root of gambling and everything that was un-Christian? H ow come it has now been regarded as an avenue of chivalry and gentlemanly behavior?It was during when the Church attempted to regulate sports that it was seen to serve the purpose of character development for boy and girls (Mosher, 1998). Even basketball was created to promote teamwork, self-sacrifice, obedience, self-control as well as loyalty. The biggest factor that was seen to have implanted the idea that athletes must be role models was the Olympic movement (Mosher, 1998).In the present, the analogy of comparing people of chivalry in the past to athlete role models of the present time was seen to be outdated. However, the fact that it was still existing seemed to provide the sense of intrigue as to where this concept came from and why it had survived for so long (Skidelsky, 2003).In the 19th century, sportsmen accepted the idea that they had a special duty to behave well. Athletes were seen to be required to behave under the â€Å"proponents of ‘muscular Christianityâ₠¬â„¢Ã¢â‚¬  as it was instilled in moral instruction of the sports (Skidelsky, 2003).This created the belief that physical robustness was expectedly connected to moral purity, something that would be indubitable in the present world of sports. The public, at present, would be constantly bombarded with how athletes were not able to cope with the pressures and temptations of fame.Unlike the requirement of the past, professional sports had ceased to require any form of moral or responsible behavior for these athletes to be successful (Glenarden, 1997). Possessing success seemed to be held by society to be more important than possessing good character, morals or ethical behavior.

Hamlet – Hero or Villain

Hamlet comes across as both a hero and a villain throughout ‘Hamlet’ at different intervals. His loyalty, morality, honesty and popularity are certainly heroic traits however one can’t deny his villainous ways in his dealings with Ophelia, his killing of Polonius and most importantly his delaying of killing Claudius. Hamlet is full of faults yet full of honourable intentions. His negative qualities are slim compared to his heroic qualities therefore I believe Hamlet to be a hero, a â€Å"prince among men†. When we first meet Hamlet, he is dressed all in black and conveys all the â€Å"moods, forms and shapes of grief†.This depression is caused by his father’s recent death. Gertrude, his mother and Claudius, his uncle have noticed however Hamlet’s melancholy is much more intense than he is letting on â€Å"too too sullied flesh would melt†. He’s unable to forget his father even when all those around him have resumed their m erry lives. â€Å"I shall not look upon his like again†. This demonstrates the loyal side of the prince. His grief is further intensified by the cold-hearted actions of his mother. Gertrude married her brother in law, Claudius â€Å"within a month† of her husband’s death.Hamlet is unable to understand her disloyalty â€Å"a beast that wants discourse of reason would have mourned longer†. He believes he is living in a society with no standards and so becomes disillusioned with life â€Å"how weary, stale flat and unprofitable seem to me all the uses of this world†. His loyalty is certainly a heroic trait. The anger he felt towards his mother had a very a negative effect on a Hamlet. He began to feel anger at women as a whole which leads me to his villainous dealings with Ophelia. Hamlet feels neglected when Ophelia as ordered by her father, Polonius repels his letters.He condemns all women with the criticism of moral fickleness â€Å"fraility thy n ame is woman†. He hates Ophelia one moment and longs to engage in sexual intimacy with her the next. â€Å"Lie between maids’ legs†. He mistreats her with heartless and demeaning behaviour. In the nunnery scene he denies he ever loved her and tells her â€Å"get thee to a nunnery†. His inconsistent treating of Ophelia eventually drives her to insanity. The actual recognition of his love for Ophelia can only come when Hamlet realizes that she is dead, and free from her tainted womanly trappings â€Å"I lov’d Ophelia†.This is without doubt one of the most villainous qualities of Hamlet. His cruel treating of Ophelia however can also be seen as a heroic trait. He is honest about his feelings towards her. He is honest throughout the whole play, which is rare in ‘Hamlet’ as most of the characters live their lives through deception. He doesn’t once hide his hatred of Claudius â€Å"a little more than kin and less than kind†, he is also honest of his disliking of Polonius when he says his words have no substance â€Å"words words word†.He eventually tells his mother how disgusted he is with her marriage â€Å"O shame, where is thy blush? † and admits he treated her with cruelty â€Å"I must be cruel only to be kind†. He is even honest about his own inaction as he â€Å"lets all sleep†. His honesty throughout the play is admirable and only further proves him to be a hero. He is without doubt a man of high morals which is an important feature of a hero. He agrees to avenge his father even though he almost crushed with the burden. â€Å"oh cursed spite that ever I was born to set it right†.It is clear that he does not want to murder but accepts the task nonetheless â€Å"I have sworn’t†. He also apologises to Laertes for killing Polonius and asks for forgiveness. â€Å"give me your pardon, sir I have done you wrong†. His moral character is what I m ost admire about Hamlet. However Hamlet’s bravery for accepting the burden of revenge only heightens our awareness of his most negative quality, inaction. Faced with evidence that his uncle murdered his father, Hamlet becomes obsessed with proving his uncle’s guilt.He delays the moment of revenge for as long as he possibly can. He even passes up the perfect chance to kill Claudius in the courtyard when he is praying claiming if he kills him now he is only sending him to heaven. â€Å"this is hire and salary, not revenge†. Hamlet is aware of his inaction and is very self-critical of it. He admires the player’s passion in the play and become annoyed at himself for being â€Å"unpregnant of my cause†. He is made further aware of his inaction when the young Fortinbras fights for land â€Å"that had nothing in but the name† while he â€Å"lets all sleep†.His procrastination is his biggest fault and is his ultimate downfall in the play. Ina ction is certainly not a heroic characteristic. After Hamlet returns from England he is a changed man. He tells how Horatio how â€Å"there’s a divinity that shapes our ends†. It is becoming clear that Hamlet now sees the role of avenger in a different light than he did earlier in the play. As a true hero he is conscious of the fact that he is acting as an agent of justice. This new attitude remains with Hamlet right through to the play’s conclusion.Claudius invites him to engage in a duel with Laertes and Hamlet freely embraces the challenge. Hamlet seems to be more self-confident about his own ability to take clear, effective action. We are given the picture of a noble and fine young man in the concluding scenes. He finally gets revenge on Claudius however is stabbed by Laertes by doing so. A true hero who sacrifices himself to bring justice and honesty back to the state of Denmark, even his enemy Fortinbras admits he would have â€Å"proved most royal† for the throne.Hamlet is a truly much loved prince who possesses a vast degree of human virtue and ability and whose death is not only tragic but extremely noble. His villainous qualities, however strong in the beginning, truly evaporate as the play concludes. An honest, loyal, brave and moral man, there is no doubt that Hamlet is a hero. I’d trust him to rule my country any time! A hero is defined in the oxford English dictionary as â€Å"a man, often of divine ancestry, who is endowed with great courage and strength, celebrated for his bold exploits. † You can’t deny it’s the perfect description of Hamlet!

The thunder and lightening crashed over my head and made me very afraid

They said it would never rain again. I was surrounded by people but I had never felt so lonely. As I sat gazing from my window, I began to notice lots of happy families passing by on the road, all in their parents' cars. As I sit alone, thinking about my past, I began to feel so miserable and depressed. I suppose you are wondering who I am and what tragedy could have brought me to this place. Well, I will explain to you the long story. The thunder and lightening crashed over my head and made me very afraid. I was not the only one. My teacher kept looking upwards with a concerned expression. That's was when the head teacher burst into the room and ordered everyone to follow her. This was not normal. It could only mean that everybody was in serious danger. I instantly thought of my parents at home on their farm, had anyone warned them that a typhoon was coming soon? The noise outside was deafening. From our position on the roof, we could see everything. I watched in horror as a mud wall collapsed onto the road, trapping families in their cars. I saw frantic parents digging at the mud, trying to save their children who were still trapped. I wanted to go and save my parents too but I could not move. Two hours later, the road was a river. Trees and mud crashed through the village, destroying houses and families. Gradually, the storm came to an end. We were eventually allowed off the roof and I felt so glad, now I could go back and find out what had happened to my parents. I was so scared that they had been in danger, I just needed to know if they were safe. When I arrived home, I saw my house. It was completely destroyed. I ran towards it, screaming, calling for my mum and dad. Suddenly, I saw a flash of gold. It could only be one thing, my mother's ring. It was still attached to her still, lifeless, bloodless hand. I was numb. Standing there, I felt unusually calm but that feeling didn't last very long. Seconds passed and I began thinking about what would happen to me now. Where will I go? I have no other family, no one to take me in. I felt so isolated. That's how I ended in a foster home. All I can do is to sit and hope that someday, someone will come to get me. Perhaps today will be that day. I awoke feeling light in my heart and really hopeful that today would be that day. I heard that the newspaper reporter was going to come and write an article about the foster home where I was living. Suddenly, there was a knock on the door. I opened it and there stood the reporter. She was a young beautiful lady with shiny, black long hair and a graceful smile. I was very surprised – I had never seen such a beautiful lady. She began to interview me because I had been at the foster home for the longest out of all the other children. She was very impressed with my unique poems; she even made a promise that she would make sure they were published very soon. She took my photograph so she could attach it to the poem. A grumpy old man was working in the hospital grounds. He reaches down to a scrap of newspaper which has blown across the garden and landed at his feet. He almost throws the article away when he suddenly decides to take a second look. He began to look more closely at the photograph and that's when he has a flicker of an image from his past. Suddenly his memory returns. It is difficult to cope with the emotions he feels after all these months. Dropping his tools, he strides down the road getting further away from the hospital. What has he remembered? Something is driving him he appears to be looking for something. The sky is grey and over-cast. I think about my future. Will I always be alone and abandoned. What's the point in living all alone with no family to love me? Everyday I wished that I had died with my mum and dad and this is why I made the decision to take an overdose. There was no point in living any more. No-one would even no that I had gone. I felt myself drifting into unconsciousness when unexpectedly there was a shadow in the doorway. At first I had great difficulty focusing my eyes on the figure in front of me. Slowly as my eyes began to see the details I was able to distinguish a man's frame. Meanwhile, I realised that it was my father. As my sight begins to dim, I see him run across the room towards me. He had tears in his eyes and trickling down his cheeks. He laid his head against mine and told me he loved me so much but as I took my last breath I felt so much regret. I could have had a happy life again with my family to love me and to be loved but now that will never happen.

What is a Discourse Community Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

What is a Discourse Community - Essay Example What is a Discourse Community? John Swales was seen to ascribe a set of six distinguishing characteristics to help establish and define discourse communities, however, the most important distinguishing characteristic was that first, the community have a broadly agreed upon set of common goals. Secondly, the community needs to have an established mechanism via which its members are able to easily communicate among themselves. Third, an effective discourse community is should be able to effectively use its communication mechanism in providing feedback and information; this may also be seen to serve a relatively secondary goal of aiding the community in realizing its goals. Discourse communities tend to share certain expectations pertaining to the appropriate use of form, function of texts and topics. Fifth, discourse communities generally tend to establish a fundamentally specific lexis an example of which may include the development of specialized technical terminologies. Finally, discourse communities are setup ha ving a given threshold level, this level ensures that the members of a given discourse community have a certain basic degree of discourse expertise. Before one can be able to join any given discourse community, they should essentially be able to sufficiently be able to exhibit a certain given degree of knowledge structures. This knowledge of structures that members re required to show an understanding of is seen to generally relate to not only formal schemata such as communication between members, goals of the community and genre convention, it is also seen to be related to the world (Zhu, 35). The School Football Discourse Community Being a student at our school, the importance of football in the school cannot be over emphasized in any way. The first time I attended one of the school’s football games, I was totally taken in by the excitement of the crowd that sought to cheer on the team to victory. Though out the game, it was not uncommon to hear certain calls being called into play. The coach constantly called for plays using terms such as â€Å"13-17-2-8 Action† or â€Å"4 to 6-6-3†. Although these calls appeared gibberish to a bystander like myself, the football players clearly understood, what they were being instructed to do as was evidenced by their changing of their formation as well as play. This was seen to result in very positive results for the football team. Wherever a play did very well or happened to score, the players would quickly run to the player and jump all over each other in what to me seemed to be a painful experience. I constantly asked myself exactly how one could possibly score if by doing so, one essentially risked having the weight of almost half of the team piling on himself. However, my unvoiced pitch-side concerns did not essentially seem to matter to them. After the brief wild moment of celebration, the members of the team would exchange a special handshake with each other. I often found myself envying the close relationship and synergy between the team members. However, my flimsy attempts to qualify to join the elite team of about 24 members in a school with thousands of students met a disastrous ending and I left the field half feeling that I had essentially made a great fool of myself at the tryouts. The members of this discourse community also tend to constantly hang around each other at school discussing football matters and plans so as to help improve their game, they also commonly discuss the strategies that they plan to employ so as to beat

Mass medias influence on American politics Term Paper

Mass medias influence on American politics - Term Paper Example Within this essay, this disservice will be discussed and many examples provided, proving that journalists do sometimes abuse their power when reporting political campaigns and/or political events or happenings, which can lead to misinformation and also damage of reputation for those involved in â€Å"biased† mass media reporting. One of the first examples that come to mind concerning biased reporting of politics comes from the everyday reporting of CNN and FOX television and web news. According to a journalism professor at The University of Tennessee, The Associated Press, which sets the standard for accredited news reporting throughout the United States, says that if you give one political candidate or party a certain amount of time on-air, in the newspaper or online, you must also give the opposing candidate the same amount of time and/or space. Neither of these mediums should do this; this is unfair and biased reporting, unethical on both network’s accounts. CNN is p rimarily a democratic network (Hyscience) and FOX is primarily a republican (Hyscience) network. Both of these networks work overtime bashing each other and defending the political party of their choice. For instance, during last year’s Tea Party republican rally, held in Nevada, it was reported by CNN that â€Å"dozens of people showed up† for this particular political event (Wizbang). However, other sources (Rightnetwork) provided pictures proving that thousands of people actually showed up for the Tea Party rally. CNN’s play on words, saying that â€Å"dozens† showed up, made it sound as if almost nobody showed up to support the Tea Party rally. Other sources estimated thousands of people showing up and also provided pictures of the multitude of people who showed up for the event. CNN’s bias toward the Democratic Party, in this case, was most certainly unethical, according to Associated Press standards, and these biased reports to the public mad e it look as if the Tea Party was just a minor event when in all actuality, it was a huge event. Also, MSNBC was very happy to report and broadcast a video recently of President Barack Obama being â€Å"snubbed† by Russian leaders (Youtube). This was broadcasted by MSNBC, another primarily republican network, only to make President Barack Obama look â€Å"bad†, like he isn’t being accepted by other world leaders. With the presidential re-election coming up, a conclusion could easily be drawn that MSNBC’s intentions for airing the video is to make the public consider the possible lack of respect that the rest of the world holds for President Barack Obama in hopes that he will lose the upcoming election. Reporting this in a negative light, unless it is the absolute truth, is most certainly unethical on MSNBC’s behalf. Yet another instance of unfair and biased reporting came many years ago, when former President Bill Clinton had an affair with Whiteho use intern, Monica Lewinski. Lewinski was â€Å"ragged† by the media and her character absolutely ripped apart by almost every network throughout the entire United States of America. They portrayed her as a â€Å"loose† woman, a â€Å"whore† and seemed to blame her more for the affair than they did the president himself. Of the millions of networks that portrayed her as such, only Barbara Walters, a huge name in the field of journalism,

Opposing Electronic Medical Records Research Paper

Opposing Electronic Medical Records - Research Paper Example The costs of procuring EMRs are relatively high when compared to the cost for using the paper health records. The startup cost of procuring the EMRs is rather high and this means that organizations with low budgets would have to pay through their noses in order to make it their primary source of keeping medical records. Instead of procuring these rather expensive EHRs, these organizations would definitely prefer the option of using the paper health records and would have more money to use for other projects. The ease of entering the data in the paper health records when compared with the difficulties faced by health personnel in making entries on the EHRs has made the use of EHRs to be unpopular in the area of medical records. â€Å"Technology has continued to move forward at a rapid pace, but many organizational and human issues have slowed the pace of implementation of automated systems for an electronic documentation record† (Young, 2000, p. 106). Different organizations and health personnel have issues with the use of the EMRs in keeping medical records and would rather prefer the use of paper health records considering the ease of use. The technicalities involved in the use of the EHRs have also made physicians to opt for the use of paper health records. One of the problems with the EMR technology is the â€Å"physician resistance to emerging and often unfamiliar technology.† (Iyer, Levin, & Shea, 2006, p.314). It is necessary for the users of the EHRs to have some form of technical knowledge as this would guarantee that they would not make errors that would hamper the documentation process. The fear of errors and the other technical problems that are associated with the use of the EHRs is a problem that is making physicians to prefer the paper health records. Most EHRs are not user-friendly and these would definitely affect the implementation of the information system (Young,

Finance and Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Finance and Management - Essay Example Finally, a decision is arrived at whether the firm can be financed two hundred thousand dollars. This Criterion must answer the following questions: What problem are you solving What is your business proposition for solving the problem Who are your customers Who are your competitors How viable is your business How do you make money Executive Summary is clear & effective as a stand-alone document. In the case, BBC is trying to solve the problem of customization of bicycle frames. There is no business proposition. The customers are mountain bike riders and racing professionals. BBC is a niche player and there is no information about its competitors. BBC makes money by selling Bicycle parts. In Joe's Case, the executive summary is a projection of sales without any explanation on what basis the projection is made. The problem is not clearly stated. From the executive summary, it is evident that Joe's specializes in providing high-quality fast food via company-owned portable carts in high-density urban office locations. The business proposition is clearly stated to provide high-quality fast food which is 100% natural. The customers are employees working in urban office locations. No information is provided about the competitors. ... The executive summary of BBC is very practical and workable. This is a favorable one. The executive summary of Joe's is viable but the sales projections made have no basis. Still this is a favorable one. Product or Service Description This criterion must answer the following questions: What is the product or service What are its attributes Advantages and potential drawbacks Why/how is your product/service more compelling than existing ones or the competition What is the stage of development Do you have a proprietary position or intellectual property protection planned or in place Most successful companies start with just one product or service or a few, at most. Trying to do too much too fast and having to educate the consumer about a product's or service's benefits can push a company under before it's out of the blocks Analysis BBC is having a single product of manufacturing bicycle frames as per the requirements of the customer. The features of the product are light, stiff, responsive and race worthy. The great advantage of BBC is customization and this forms the most compelling reason for choosing BBC. Joe's Redhots sells premium-quality hot dogs and other ready-to-eat luncheon products to upscale business people in high-traffic urban locations. Joe's Redhots is positioned versus other luncheon street vendors as the "best place to have a quick lunch." The features of Joe's product include cleanest carts, the most hygienic servers, the purest, freshest, products, and the best values. Prices are at a slight premium to reflect this superior vending service. Joe's Redhots also is known for its fun and promotional personality, offering consumers something special every week for monetary savings and fun. Interpretation BBC is very clear in its

Career in Pharmaceutical Sales Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Career in Pharmaceutical Sales - Research Paper Example Many of the decisions that pharmacists make are life and death ones, and so we require a strong code of ethics from them and the people who supply them with their products (Altilio, 2009). Like many other important professions, drug salespeople are respected but they are also held to high standards.   I work very well in team situations and have always developed a good rapport with peers, co-workers, professors and employers. While I highly enjoy teamwork I also have the motivation and knowledge to work efficiently and independently on major projects. I work extremely well under pressure and have always been able to put my best forward and receive top results.  These are important qualities in a sales professional. Sales can be a high-pressure, high-stress field and you have to work very hard at it to make a go of it (Appelbe, 2005). Another important aspect of pharmaceutical sales is travel. You need to cover a lot of ground and meet a lot of people. I have a good sense of geography and can fit in in many unique situations. You have to charm them and make them want to buy the product. But more than that you have to be credible and knowledgeable. You have to understand the position that pharmacy managers and pharmacists are in. Their profession can be high stress and they will want to ensure that the products they receive are the best (Kevin, 2001). Fortunately, I am good at all of these things.    In life, one has to fight and work hard in order to get ahead. I have always been a hard worker and a person who is dedicated to improving myself through academic study and work as well as everyday experience.   I respond to setbacks by working even harder and increasing my determination.    I possess the intellectual commitment and compassionate interest to make this a satisfying and successful vocation. I truly want to leave my mark on the world by helping others. I realize this will not be an

Internship Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Internship Report - Essay Example 1. Understanding the work environment: Most of the things I studied in my degree were theoretical. I was expecting to get a fair overview about how units and components of an organisation works together to attain the results that have been set by the top elements of the organisation; 2. Communication skills development: I sought to get important skills and competencies in communicating and delivering information to parties within and outside an organisation. So I made it a point to learn and study the way different stakeholders and different players interact in an organisation and also try to work on it. 3. Cultural Competency: Since the world is multicultral now, I sought to understand the way a city like London works to integrate all the cultural requirements of its diverse environment in the workplace. To this end, I sought to understand how people interact within the organisation and how they interacted with external stakeholders. In a very critical sense, I did not get to learn all what I wanted and sought to learn. This is because the responsibilities I was given seemed to have been far from what other stakeholders and other top managers were required to do. Thus, I was not able to appreciate things to the depths that I wished I could uncover. However, being a basic marketer gave me the chance to observe a lot of things from afar. I was able to understand how the organisation operations and how it sought to provide its services to people who use their services. I was also able to understand how marketing operates and how it links up to the various units and components of an organisation. Hence, I could understand my actual contribution to the firm. I could not learn much about how to attain efficiency and effectiveness since most of the things I was supposed to do were straightforward and could be done fairly easily without challenges. However, I could observe the areas where critical results were expected and I could understand

Industrial Hemp Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Industrial Hemp - Essay Example Since 2007, the commercial value of hemp has grown tremendously. Today it is considered to be the fastest growing bio mass ever known to exist. It produces around 25 tons of dry matter per hectare per year. In modern agriculture a normal average yield is tipped to be 2.5-3.5 t/ac. As a crop, hemp is also very environmentally friendly and does not require many pesticides or herbicides. Contemporary research has not focused much on soil fertility and hence there is very little data available on that front. Results and analysis show that a high yield of hemp may lead to high yielding wheat crop. Hemp is hence one of the most ancient domesticated plants that ever existed. (Citizen) There are various varieties of Hemp out there. There is cannabis sativa, sativa vary. And sativa. These are grown for industrial use whilst on the other hand sativa indica is generally known to have poor fiber quality. Its primary purpose is for use for recreational purposes and for medicinal drugs. Talking ab out the differences in the plants at chemical level, their major difference rests in the amount of tetraydrocannabinol that is genetically produced in the plants. It is secreted by epidermal hairs called glandular trichomes and can be easily made out on genetical grounds. (Melody) There are some oil seed and fiber varieties of cannabis as well. They have been approved for industrial hemp production and can produce very little amount of psychoactive drug. They don’t produce any physical or psychological effects. On the global scale China is the leading producer of hemp. It is also produced in Europe, Chile and Korea. Benefits and Many Uses of Industrial Hemp: Hemp is used for reasons that are manifold. It is said to produce above 50,000 products in the United States itself. These include the manufacture of textiles, cordage, and nutritional products. Cordage can be produced in varying tensile strength. The bast fiber is normally blended with some other organic fibers for insta nce flax, cotton and silk. These are used in the production of apparel and furnishing and have cotton and hemp in the ratio of 55:45. However 100% pure industrial hemp can also be used. It is just that more commonly it is blended and mixed with cotton. The two fibers inside the hemp tend to be woodier. Because of their characteristic properties they are used commonly in non-woven items, mulch, litter and animal bedding. (Alberta) Hemp is also used in the production of oil-based pained, as a moisturizing agent in creams, for cooking and even in plastics. Basically, the oil present in the seeds gets oxidized when exposed to air. This helps in the extraction of oil and the use of Hemp in oil based products. Hemp seeds have been very fruitful in their use as bird seed mix and now they are also used to make fishing bait, Food: The chemical composition of Hemp seeds is very interesting. They contain essential amino acids and essential fatty acids which are important for a healthy balanced human life. These can seeds can be eaten raw, can be cooked with meal, and even made into hemp milk. This milk is used to prepare tea and in baking. The fresh leaves of hemp are also eaten in salads by many. Some of the most popular products made via hemp include cereals, waffles, nut butters and hemp tofu. There are some companies who try to gain more value out of industrial hemp. They try

Business marketing Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business marketing - Case Study Example Quality is AAA Office World’s surest way of establishing a good market standing (Kourdi, 2003). The fact that the company’s strategy involves both regional and local suppliers shows that it has vast presence. It is prudent that AAA prioritizes new-product development. Continuous product development helps diversify the company’s offerings. However, product development requires many resources and can easily overshadow promotion of existing products. Product promotion should also be allocated more resources because it will not only help inform many customers of the company’s products but also instigate hype for its new products. Hype would be assured for AAA because its existing and new products deliver on the things that consumers are promised. Promotion will make customers to look out, always, for AAA’s next product (Ireland et. al., 2012). Stasia Acosta should consider taking up Business Center’s offer. One of the reasons that underpin the feasibility of this move is the fact that AAA has excess capacity and could handle Business Center’s orders and still have enough to supply its other stationers and suppliers. Such a production capacity would have the advantage of expanding AAA’s distribution network because it would capitalize on both Business Centers many vast presence and that other supplies. It is fortunate that Business Center is seeking the line of file folders that brings Stasia 20 percent gross margin only. The performance of this line of file folders needs a move that will help raise its gross margin to be at par with those of other lines of file folders. Doing away with this line of file folders is the other option that Stasia can consider to deal with its minimal performance but this option would be tantamount to the â€Å"commodity end of the business† that Ramon works so hard to avoid (AAA Office World

The Verification Principle Essay Example for Free

The Verification Principle Essay Throughout the years, science has been a very productive practice. From explaining why and how things happen to sending people to the moon. Not only do we see its benefits every day, but also new discoveries are being made constantly. Science has proven its success. By using the scientific method and critical thinking, a wide range of things have been discovered. One cannot say the same for philosophy. Many of the questions that were asked by the very first philosophers are still being contemplated and debated over today. Some philosophers thought that in order to make philosophy as successful as science that they would need to adopt a method such as the scientific method. Thus, the Verification Principle came to be. The philosophers with this idea that philosophy needs to be successful, like science, were the logical positivists. These philosophers had a â€Å"scientific envy,† wanting to make philosophy more scientific. Their method to become more â€Å"scientific† was to create the Verification Principle. It states that â€Å"A statement is cognitively meaningful if and only if it is either analytic or in principle empirically verified. They thought that if something cannot be verified analytically or by experiment, then there is no need to debate about it. To understand this principle, one must understand some of the key terms and concepts in it. Something can be described as cognitively meaningful if it can be found to be true or false. Therefore, a statement must have a truth-value. According to the Verification Principle, in order to find if something is true or false, it must be analytic or in principle empirically verified. Something is analytic if it can be found by mathematical means or by using logic. Twenty divided by two equals twenty-two is an example of an analytical statement. Whether the statement that twenty divided by two equals twenty-two is correct, or not, by using mathematical reasoning, the answer can be found to be true or false. Another example of an analytical statement would be as follows: â€Å"A guitar is a musical instrument, and musical instruments sound beautiful. Thus, a guitar sounds beautiful. † Since the argument flows in a logical pattern, the statement is said to be analytic, and therefore, also cognitively meaningful. The last part of the Verification Principle states that a cognitively meaningful statement must be in principle empirically verified. For something to be in principle empirically verified, it must be able to be, in theory, proven experimentally. For instance, the statement, â€Å"Hell is located in the core of Earth,† can be empirically verified. Although it has not yet been proven or disproven, theoretically it could be. Although challenging, I am sure, but eventually we could somehow get a person, or group of people, to dig deep enough and then see if our core is in fact â€Å"Hell. A new and revised Verification Principle would be as follows: A statement can be found to be true or false if and only if it can be found using mathematical reasoning, logic, or if it can be found in principle experimentally. If a statement is not found to have a truth-value using any of these methods, then it is said to be cognitively meaningless, and consequently, does not need to be discussed. The statement that â€Å"God exists† would be considered cognitively meaningless. It cannot be proven mathematically, or logically, that God exists. Nor can it be proven with any type of experiment. Since it is cognitively meaningless, there is no need to debate God’s existence. According to the Verification Principle, many philosophical concepts and questions no longer need to be discussed. One relevant subject, that would be deemed cognitively meaningless, is Ethics. Many if not all statements, or questions, in Ethics cannot be determined analytically or empirically verified. As such, Ethics should no longer be discussed. Whether a person murdering in the name of patriotism or defending one’s own life is ethical, is pointless to debate because it has no truth-value. A mathematician cannot figure out using a formula whether these acts of murder are ethical. Neither can a person use logic to find the answer. It would be absurd to think that a person could determine the answer to the question using an experimental method. Ethics in general, becomes pointless to discuss. Many have objected to the Verification Principle since many things, are considered cognitively meaningless, but do require attention and discussion. Axiology, which asks the question â€Å"What are values,† is completely â€Å"cognitively meaningless† under the principle. Some would say that this could not be correct since values are imperative. Values create a sense of character, personality, and meaning. Surely, we should not just throw out the whole study of what our values are because the answer to the questions cannot be found analytically or by experiment. David Hume brings up a valid point that contradicts the Verification Principle, stating that the principle itself is self-contradicting. Hume points out that science relies on principles that cannot pass the Verification Principle. By the logical positivists trying to mirror the success of science, they created a principle that even the principles of science do not pass. One such principle is the Principle of Induction. This principle, in crude terms, states that the future will resemble the past. According to the Verification Principle, this statement is cognitively meaningless. Once again, neither mathematics nor logic can be used to determine a truth-value to this statement. It also cannot be proven in principle by experiment. Since we are always in the present or looking back into the past, we cannot say that the future will resemble the past, but science bases its rules, theories, and discoveries on this principle. Another scientific principle that does not pass the Verification Principle is the Principle of Universal Causation. It states, also crudely, that every event has a cause. Since there is no way to experimentally determine that every event that has ever happened, or will happen, has a cause, it is cognitively meaningless. Hence, if the Verification Principle is correct, then science itself is cognitively meaningless and does not need to be debated nor discussed. In my opinion, the Verification Principle is not a valid basis on which to determine whether a subject should be discussed or not. Many things, such as ethics, need to be discussed. If we chose to follow the guidelines of the principle, there would be no need to discuss ethics. This would in turn eventually cause people to forget what ethics or an ethical judgment is. There would be no sense of what is good or bad; only who has the bigger gun. Society would be reduced to animals, though we are already close to that point. By people discussing ethics, and ethical judgments, though we may never reach a conclusion or agreement on some aspects of the subject, we choose to not forget about what is just and that there is a difference between right and wrong. Though philosophy may not have all too much to show for all of its work, at least if compared to science, then at the very least it causes people to think for themselves and to not forget about things which are important to human nature. Such things as religion, ethics, values, and creativity are all important to us as humans. If using the Verification Principle, all such things would be â€Å"cognitively meaningless. † In a way, it is the things that are â€Å"cognitively meaningless† that are more important than the â€Å"cognitively meaningful. They are what define us and not only set us apart from all other species, but also from each other. In conclusion, the Verification Principle was a way for some philosophers to make philosophy successful much like science. The principle states that â€Å"A statement is cognitively meaningful if and only if it is either analytical or in principle empirically verified. † Many things in philosophy, such as Ethics, in this sense are â€Å"cognitively meaningless† and should not be discussed. David Hume pointed out that science is based on principles that do not pass the Verification Principle and is therefore â€Å"cognitively meaningless. To be fair, the Verification Principle was a poor attempt to try to put a value on the success of philosophy. The greatness of philosophy though, is that it is not based solely on numbers, logic, and experiments, but also on critical thinking. It is that aspect of philosophy that sets humankind apart from the rest of the animals on Earth. Although some of the questions of philosophy may never be solved, the true success of philosophy is that it causes people to think and to search for answers instead of accepting what they have always â€Å"known† as truth.

Macbeth Concept Of Imagination Philosophy Essay

Macbeth Concept Of Imagination Philosophy Essay Macbeth is the best example of Shakespeares use of imagination. Macbeth becomes very obsessed with an idea of becoming king and his imagination leads him to do horrible things. The purpose of this paper is to show how powerful Macbeths imagination was and how it served him. To successfully examine the concept of imagination in Macbeth it was necessary to read Macbeth itself, Shakespeare: The Invention of the Human by Harold Bloom and O Sekspirovim tragedijama by Shahab Yar Khan. Also, diverse critics gave their input on this theme which was helpful in finalizing this research. ( Ian Johnston 1999, Henry Neill Paul 1938) Results show that Macbeth has freely chosen to embrace evil in his imagination. He has not resisted the impulse to imagine himself as a king. It is quite clear that Macbeths ambition and commitment to his evil desires led him to brutally kill all those who he sees as a threat. Introduction Shakespeare has for the centuries thrilled most of the readers and spectators around the world. His works have been studied in many countries, thus making him hailed as the worlds greatest writer ever. Someone once said that the man, who has no imagination, has no wings. We are all aware of that. The imagination runs the show. We cant accept the modern literature without it. Shakespeare used it very often and with so much excellence that he brought it to the perfection. Macbeth is the best example of Shakespeares use of imagination Harold Bloom says that Macbeth himself can be called the unluckiest of all Shakespearean protagonists because he is the most imaginative. His power of fantasy is so enormous that pragmatically it seems to be Shakespeares own. (Bloom, 1998, p.516) The universal reaction to Macbeth is that we identify with him, or at least with his imagination. Shakespeare describes various types of symbolism and imagery that leads to the downfall of the main protagonist, Macbeth. The showings of darkness represent its evil and tragic moments. Blood symbolizes murder and guilt. The symbol of clothing is particularly used to suggest the hiding of the real faces and true itself and it is also widely used in order to achieve the general theme of evil. There are also Biblical references, witchcrafts, ghosts and many other imagery tools which made the story even more phantasmagoric. Concept of Imagination When we speak of imagination the first thing that comes up to our mind is something unnatural; something beyond our concept of reality. Imagination is a long lasting phenomenon. It has roots in mythology. Many people had spoken about it and gave their definitions. They can all be put in one: it is the formation of a mental image of something that is neither perceived as real nor present to the senses. The witchcraft in Macbeth, though pervasive, cannot alter material events, yet hallucination can and does. The rough magic in Macbeth is wholly Shakespeares; he indulges his own imagination as never before, seeking to find its moral limits (if any). I do suggest that Macbeth represents Shakespeare, in any of the complex ways that Falstaff and Hamlet may represent certain inner aspects of the playwright. But in the Renaissance sense of imagination (which is not ours), Macbeth may well be the emblem of that faculty of Shakespeare, a faculty that must have frightened Shakespeare and ought to terrify us, when we read or attend Macbeth, for the play depends upon its horror and its own imaginings. Imagination 9 or fancy) is an equivocal matter for Shakespeare and his era, where it meant both poetic furor, as a kind of substitute for divine inspiration, and a gap torn in reality, almost a punishment for the displacement of the sacred into the secular. All of us posses, to one degree or anot her, a proleptic imagination; in Macbeth, it is absolute. Macbeth terrifies us partly because that aspect of our own imagination is so frightening; it seems to make us murderers, thieves, usurpers and rapists. (Bloom, 1998, p.516) In the Act I Macbeth is already introduced with extraordinary nature of his imagination: This supernatural soliciting Cannot be ill; cannot be good: If ill, why hath it given me earnest of success, Commencing in a truth? I am Thane of Cawdor: If good, why do I yield to that suggestion Whose horrid image doth unfix my hair, And make my seated heart knock at my ribs, Against the use of nature? Present fears Are less than horrible imaginings. My thought, whose murther yet is but fantastical, Shakes so my single state of man That function is smotherd in surmise, And nothing is, but what is not. According to Harold Bloom, my single state of man plays upon several meanings of single: unitary, isolated, vulnerable. The phantasmagoria of murdering Duncan is so vivid that nothing is, but what is not, and function, the mind, is smoothered by surmise, fantasy. Macbeth speaks to himself in a kind of trance, halfway between trauma and second sight. An involuntary visionary of horror, he sees what certainly is going to happen, while still knowing this murder to be but fantastical. His tribute to his own horrible imaginings is absolute: the implication is that his will is irrelevant. (Bloom, 1998, p.536) The Witches The witches interactions with Macbeth play a vital role in his thinking about his own life, before and after the murder of Duncan. Macbeth and Banquo recognize them as something supernatural, part of landscape, but not fully human. They have malicious intentions and prophetic powers. They do nothing other than talk and offer visions. They are not involved in any action, yet they are important symbols in the play. They are essential manifestations of the moral atmosphere of Macbeths world, just like the ghost in Hamlet. Macbeth so foresees an event that it seems to have happened already before it actually takes place. He is not aware of his ambition before he sees himself having performed the bloody crimes that fulfill his ambition. The witches exist to delusion people, to challenge their faith in themselves and the society. Professor Khan thinks that Macbeths evil-inner of himself attracts the witches: One namjerno Ä ekaju Macbetha i Banqua kao Ã…Â ¡to zlo Ä eka ljude. MeÄ‘utim, one Ä ovjeku ne predlaÃ…Â ¾u zlo: one radije spomenu object koji bi mogoao pokrenuti Ä ovjekovo vlastito naginjanje zlu, a u ovom sluÄ aju one to rade preko proroÄ anstva. Dobar Ä ovjek kao Ã…Â ¡to je Banquo, moÃ…Â ¾e se oduprijeti njihovom pozivu, jer on u sebi ima milost BoÃ…Â ¾ju, kao i trag prvog grijeha. (Khan, 2008, p.35) Unlike Macbeth, Banquo doesnt let his desires outweigh his moral caution. His response to the witches is different: But tis strange, And oftentimes to win us to our harm The instruments of darkness tell us truths, Win us with honest trifles to betrays In deepest consequences Macbeth cannot act on his awareness because his desires, kept alive by his imagination, are constantly mixed with his moral sensibilities. A part of Macbeth is fascinated with the possibility of being king. Its not entirely clear where this desire comes from. The witches put the suggestion into the play, but there is a strong hint from his wife that two of them have already talked about well before the play begins: What beast was t, then, That made you break this enterprise to me? When you durst do it, then you were a man; And to be more than what you were, you would Be so much more the man In that case, the appearance of the witches may be a response to Macbeths desires. He has not exactly invited them, but they are responding to his innermost imaginative desires. They dont tell him what to do; they dont say anything about killing Duncan. The witches cannot be responsible for Macbeths actions. His actions are not controlled by the witches. He is always free to choose how he is going to act. Hence, we can say that these witches are there to constantly remind us of the potential for evil in the human imagination. Blood Blood is everywhere in Macbeth, beginning with the opening battle between the Scots and the Norwegian invaders, which is described in harrowing terms by the wounded captain in Act 1, scene 2. Bloom in his Invention of human argues that of all Shakespeares plays, Macbeth is most a tragedy o blood, not just in its murders but in the ultimate implications of Macbeths imagination itself being bloody. Macbeths phantasmagoria of blood is constantly there: blood is the prime constituent of his imagination. (Bloom, 1998, p.520) Once Macbeth and Lady Macbeth embark upon their murderous journey, blood comes to symbolize their guilt, and they begin to feel that their crimes have stained them in a way that cannot be washed clean. Will all great Neptunes ocean wash this blood / Clean from my hand? Macbeth cries after he has killed Duncan, even as his wife scolds him and says that a little water will do the job. Later, though, she comes to share his horrified sense of being stained: Out, damned spot; out, I say . . . who would have thought the old man to have had so much blood in him? she asks as she wanders through the halls of their castle near the close of the play. Blood symbolizes the guilt that sits like a permanent stain on the consciences of both Macbeth and Lady Macbeth, one that hounds them to their graves. (http://www.sparknotes.com/shakespeare/macbeth/themes.html) Professor Khan discusses the sight of blood and its color in his book: Ono Ã…Â ¡to viÃ…Â ¡e upada u oÄ i od boja svjetla i vatre, jeste boja krvi. I zaista, prizor krvi nam se konstantno natura, ne samo pukim sluÄ ajem, nego punim opisom i Ä ak ponavljanjem rijeÄ i u neoÄ ekivanim dijelovima dijaloga. (Khan, 2008, p.25) Dagger scene After discussing the crime he is about to commit with Lady Macbeth, Macbeth decided to go through with the terrible feat. He is sitting alone, waiting for some signal which would approve his evil act. The focus of this soliloquy, the invisible dagger, is one of first evidences of Macbeths powerful imagination; an imagination, which would later be the main reason for his lunacy, and in the very end, his downfall: Is this a dagger which I see before me, The handle toward my hand? Come, let me clutch thee. I have thee not, and yet I see thee still. Art thou not, fatal vision, sensible To feeling as to sight? Or art thou but A dagger of the mind, a false creation, Proceeding from the heat-oppressà ¨d brain? I see thee yet, in form as palpable As this which now I draw. Thou marshallst me the way that I was going, And such an instrument I was to use. Mine eyes are made the fools o th other senses, Or else worth all the rest. I see thee still, And on thy blade and dudgeon gouts of blood, Which was not so before. Theres no such thing. It is the bloody business which informs Thus to mine eyes When he goes out to commit the murder, he is hallucinating the sight of a dagger leading him toward the deed, and he is filled with a sense of horror at what he is about to do. He is, it seems, in the grip of his imagination and is not serving some conscious rational decision he has made. But, in the very act of letting his imagination lead him on, he is aware that what he is doing is wrong. Its as if the dagger is pulling him toward the murder (against his will)hes following an imagined projection of his desires, rather than being pushed into the murder by some inner passion. (http://records.viu.ca/~johnstoi/eng366/lectures/macbeth.htm) Its important to stress the imaginative tensions in Macbeths character before the murder and to appreciate his divided nature. Thats why summing up his motivation with some quick judgment about his ambition is something one should resist. That resolves the issue too easily. Macbeth, in a sense, is tricked into murdering Duncan, but he tricks himself. That makes the launching of his evil career something much more complex than a single powerful urge which produces a clear decision. (http://records.viu.ca/~johnstoi/eng366/lectures/macbeth.htm) After all, one needs to notice clearly how he is filled with instant regret at what he has done. If driving ambition were all there was to it, one would think that Macbeth and his wife would not become morally confused so quickly. Macbeths entrance after the killing brings out really strongly a sense that if he could go back to the speech about the imaginary dagger, he would not carry out the murder. Lady Macbeth thinks a little water will solve their immediate problem; Macbeth knows that that is too easy. He cannot live with what he is done and remain the same person. (http://records.viu.ca/~johnstoi/eng366/lectures/macbeth.htm) Macbeth and Banquos ghost Encounter Another instance in which Macbeths imagination comes into play again is when he sees Banquos ghost and he begins talking to him: Avaunt, and quit my sight! Let the earth hide thee. Thy bones are marrowless, thy blood is cold. Thou hast no speculation in those eyes Which thou dost glare with! Macbeth and only Macbeth can see Banquos ghost. Many critics say that Banquos ghost is not real but a delusion of his evil sub-conscious and the fear and guilt that have completely overwhelmed and paralyzed him. So Shakespeare uses the appearance of Banquos ghost as a means of revealing to his readers the mental turmoil of Macbeth. We know how Macbeths reacted to Duncans murder, when he said he will never sleep again, that he is capable of guilt. The ghost is a manifestation of that, just as the dagger was a manifestation of his ambition. Conclusion Macbeths ambition is driven by a number of factors including prophecy and Lady Macbeth. The witches foretell that Macbeth will become King. Macbeth believes them and the various prophecies come true during the play. Witches appear three times, but as a fruit of Macbeths imagination. Lady Macbeth is the driving force that encourages Macbeth to overcome his strong sense of guilt and take action. Macbeths ambition soon gets out of control and forces him to murder again and again to cover up his previous crime. The last prophecy Macbeth hears from the witches is: Macbeth shall never vanquish be until Great Birnam Wood to high Dunsinane hill For none of woman born shall harm Macbeth. The supernatural force speaks the truth, but by obliquity and by double meaning. They have blinded Macbeth by extending his pride. The Shakespeares use of the apparition to represent the powerful evil spirits is effective to demonstrate the power of image over word. It is through the strengths of his imagination that Shakespeares characters have withstood time. They are played on every stage in the world. In the end, Shakespeares ingenious usage of themes and symbolism creates, as A. P. Rossiter calls, a play about the disintegration of the state of man, and the state he makes his. Without the witches, the ghost, the visions, and the apparitions, Macbeth would have been a dull and tiresome play.

How Emotional Intelligence Contributes To Leadership

How Emotional Intelligence Contributes To Leadership The purpose of this report is to examine how emotional intelligence significantly contributes to effective leadership. Given the dimensions of emotional intelligence, the focus is made on how the current management can utilize the knowledge of emotional intelligence to steer organizations to sustainable growth. This is motivated by the fact that through emotional intelligence, leaders inspire and attract positive change by making people believe in them. When people believe in leaders, this is the departure for successful management. Motivation can give encouragement to everyone for their task. It also helps to motive peoples life that they can be active and enthusiastic that they can lead with their members as a leader who has a responsibility. Empathy describes a deep understanding according to emotional reaction of other people so they share their mind for others to understand as a leader who consider and care of members. Social skills are included in communication which indicates relationship with others so people can share their common ground and build their familiarity in society. It is clear that emotional intelligence has an effect in leadership. Emotional intelligence has five components to get benefits in leadership. Every dimension is based on peoples mind that leadership can be used with true mind of leader like self-awareness, self-management, motivation, empathy and social skills. Those components have different abilities which can lead others. Leadership is a way of harmony of organization. It is not forced and not passive. This paper has examined the role of emotional intelligence in shaping leadership and it is recommended that; good leaders know how to read and use their emotions positively to mentor and motivate employees. Table Contents Executive Summary 1 1.0 Introduction 3 1.2 Aim 4 1.3 Scope 4 2.0 Self- a weakness 4 3.0 Self-management 5 4.0 Self-motivation 5 4.1 Advantage and Disadvantage of motivation 5 4.2 Example of effect ion 5 5.0 Empathy Social skill 6 5.1 Way of ability 6 5.2 Understanding of mind 6 5.3 Benefits of social skill 6 5.4 Relation between social skill and motivation 6 6.0 Conclusions 6 7.0 Recommendations 7 Reference 7 1.0 Introduction The nature of the organization leadership plays a critical role in shaping the performance and sustainable growth of employees. Many schools of thought have therefore argued that leaders are born and made while others argue that leaders are only born and not made. However, looking at leadership in a holistic view, the concept of emotional intelligence comes into the fore (Payne and Huffman, 2005). The ability of one to be able to read and positively use the emotional attachments to influence, motivate and nurture people. The inherent character to attract people and command authority using feeling- is what defines leadership through emotional intelligence. In an attempt to examine the role of leadership through emotional intelligence, the paper will extensively assess the extent at leadership through emotional intelligence correlates with daily management issues and human resource development. 1.1 Background information Leadership is always a challenging role both at personal level and organization level. That why in major cases; intensive training to develop the acquired skills of stress management, sociology, and counselling is very vital. However, more importantly, it has been observed that naturally there are people who were born with very unique inherent traits that favour one to lead. These traits include but not limited to motivation, empathy, considerate, calmness, humility, command of authority among others (Goleman, McKee Boyatzis, 2002). Interestingly, these so called soft skills are centralized within the concept of Emotional intelligence. By example; one is said to be emotionally intelligent when is able to refrain from hunger when confronted; refrain from violence when confronted to; refrain from abusive language when pushed to- but instead in these entire scenarios act in a manner that will instead win the favour of the opponent. This is the nature of leadership that the world is urg ently in need for. Most organizations are very keen to acquire emotionally intelligent leaders. Leadership by emotional intelligence is the most desirable due to its key components of self-awareness, motivation, self-management as well as the social skills. These are key ingredients in attracting partners, managing people, skilful in decision making and ability to impact to the larger community as well as conflict resolution in work set up. 1.2 Aim The major aim of this paper is to report on how the traits of emotional intelligence (self-awareness, self- management, self-control, social awareness and empathy) significantly contribute to effective leadership in organizations. Noting that it imperative to appreciate the role and coexistence of an entire management team, it is the leaders who coordinates the team efforts to bear results. Through emotional intelligence leaders are able to balance between personal interest and conflicts with organizational objectives and draw rational objective decision that favour both parties. Additionally, this report will also recommend the best mode to shape individuals in developing emotional intelligence leadership (Mintzberg and Gosling, 2002). 1.3 Scope Leadership touches on almost all the areas of our lives. More importantly, is the question of whether there is deep entrenchment of emotional intelligence in the key decisions made. Management of organizations presents a key challenge to the real application of emotional intelligence leadership. As a leader (CEO) of a company, self awareness and social control is very applicable is achieving successful leadership. Touching on personal life is equally important aspect of achieving self-awareness, and self management. Socialization both within the organization and public fora is among the key ingredients that shape ones ability to develop emotional intelligence. 2.0 Self- a weakness This is the most important aspect of leadership since it is undoubtedly expected one should lead by example. It motivating employees and team to follow a particular management dimension, one is expected to be well versed and able to undertake the same. By example, most of corporate leaders take part in corporate social responsibility such as sports, giving day, donation programmes so that through that awareness leaders are able to motivate and attract people. If one is high tempered, the realization of the fact that he/she cannot withstand confrontation is a key step in managing ones emotions and thereby avoiding conflicts or practicing to be calm under confrontation (Raelin, 2004). This is a key step toward self- a weakness. If one realizes that through emotional speech, people respond and win over then this is key steps toward self- a weakness hence drive towards emotional intelligence leadership. 3.0 Self-management Leaders are expected to be organized and directive in their own life. Managers for example are expected to be neat, well dressed as a reflection of self ethic and organization. In this case, directing employees to adopt particular directive will be an additional motivation hence easy to execute. Is a leader able to manage time? For managers who report early in their workplace, it is a clear motivation among the junior staff to equally come earlier and automatically adopts the leadership style without formal enforcement. In simple terms, as a leader, the extent of self management attracts, motivates and nurture people around you. This is what emotional intelligence leadership is all about. 4.0 Self-motivation 4.1 Advantage and Disadvantage of motivation Motivation can lead leaders to expect better results than working without motivation because they can make an effort when they have their selected goal. By having a motivation, people expect their achievement when they go through conflicts and difficulties so it can be positive behaviour for them. 4.2 Example of effect ion If leaders are in negative mood, they will not be able to manage others, for example, people who just care of task which just assigned from others and just follow other people. They are lack of motivation because they do not practice spontaneously. If they get motivation, they will challenge for aiming to get their achievement. Anand (2010) states this factor is related to self-awareness because when leaders they realise their own personality they can recognize what they really need that motivation can be found in this situation. As condition of leader, capable leadership regards as the most important component. Clarke (2010) states emotional intelligence indicates some relationship with leadership. This ability can encourage others to achieve in their field. It also can adjust balance of mood. Well-managed performance can be influenced in task and it can enhance ability that it makes rational outcome so it causes effective mood and emotion at work. 5.0 Empathy Social skill 5.1 Way of ability Empathy is the ability to share their mind that can be done with deep understanding. Understanding other peoples mind will be concerned as a way of management. It is an important point to be a leader. 5.2 Understanding of mind Leadership is to lead others that they should realise thoroughly. They also should be enthusiastic and active because they can encourage and give energy when they feel positive, for example, sharing the true mind is important to sense how others are feeling. It is beneficial both of them. They can see what they need. Empathy is likely to be helpful for someone who feels sad and has negative idea. When other people cannot concentrate on work because of other problem, leaders can adjust their problem by handling together with them but leaders should not control whole thing because they cannot solve the problem independently. They will rely on leaders without any enthusiasm about their work. These all emotional intelligences are related to ability of leadership. 5.3 Benefits of social skill Social skills will be likely to get motivation. Social skill is based on communication because people can look for their result by discussion with others. In this process, communication will be allowed to use. Clarke (2010) states this social skill helps leaders to prepare for management so they can notice what they have to prepare by talking with others and they can lead others in appropriate way, for example, making friends is helpful for each one in society. People can share what they think. 5.4 Relation between social skill and motivation They can handle emotional reactions from others and can lead others to get effectiveness. If they do not have connection each other, they cannot be a good leader even though managers are outstanding and diligent because they have personality which is not good at social skill. Components of emotional intelligence are necessary for leadership effectiveness. 6.0 Conclusions In the ability of leadership, leaders need to manage and encourage others so emotional intelligence describes about five components which help leaders to prepare themselves. Self-awareness is the understanding of mind by people. Leaders can manage when they are completely able to recognise themselves. They also can realise the needs of requirement. Self-management is also related to self-awareness but management is the ability to control their mood that they can regulate themselves. Motivation is ultimately necessary for leadership because people usually think of their objective that if they select their goal they will focus on successful achievement. Ability of empathy is helpful to someone face with difficulties. Uncomfortable feeling prevent peoples task so leaders need to provide empathic mind to others for encouragement. Social skills are one of the important components. People usually open their mind when they think they have common senses and they are close. To solve this prob lem, managing and building relationship is important to understand others for leaders. 7.0 Recommendations The entire report has extensively reflected on the role of emotional intelligence enhances effective leadership. Given the nature of diverse leadership exposure within organizations, it is recommending that; In an effort to develop strong management team, organizations should invest in training and retraining of employees to ensure they acquire the additional skills such as financial risk management skills, information management technology so as to be able to adapt to the ever emerging challenges in organizations. Self expression is very important is shaping ones emotional intelligence. It is therefore important that senior leaders nurture future leaders (junior staff) through allowing self expression and socialization.

Challenges of Managing a Non-Profit Organizations Essay -- Business

There are different challenges a non-profit organization face, although I believe that those same challenges are faced on for profit organization either at the same level or very similar. Trust is an issue that both non-profit and for profit organizations will encounter at some point in their business and therefore they would need to be as transparent as possible. Transparency entitles you to provide clear statements of where your money goes, how it is utilized in your organization, and how it is making your organization accomplish their goals. It is not the only thing that is necessary to make the stakeholders, other business, employees or anyone interested in other business to trust in your organization. For a non-profit organization trust is a key element to engage volunteers, donors and other business; without trust chances are that the organization might fail to achieve their mission. Trust is acquire by performing the goals you have set for your mission and not deviatin g from it, at least not too far from achieving the organizations goals either for non-profit or for profit organization. It is also important to have a plan (Taylor-Hamm) in case there is a catastrophic event that might jeopardize your organization, it will help you foresee adverse situations and you will be better prepared in case your first plan fails. Performance challenges are faced in the same manner on both types of organizations non-profit and for profit organization. However they might be measured in a different way due to the different types of mission they have set for themselves and the different outcome they might expect. There are different ways that a manager can measure the work performance of their employees, by what they produce, b... ...that I should mention and that is that most of these corporations that have partnered with Children’s Miracle have been with them for more at least 10 years. What is most important of all the sponsors is that they share a common vision with Children’s Miracle. There is one thing that left me amazed and that was that most of the sponsors do some other type of fundraising for other organizations and that that like RE/MAX says â€Å"the power of many is to make a difference...they have learned that genuine compassion in life directly corresponds to meaningful success in business and that in RE/MAX is called Premier Community Citizenship-performing ordinary acts of extraordinary generosity† (Children’s Miracle). If there has been a problem that might have affected either Children’s Miracle or their sponsors and than that sponsor is no longer part of this tremendous cause.

The Importance Of The Press Essay -- essays research papers fc

The Importance of the Press   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The newspaper is a powerful medium. It is powerful because it has the ability to influence the way that people view the world, as well as their opinion of what they see. In peaceful times (or in times of oppression, for sometimes they can appear to be happening at the same moment) the press is usually one of the instruments used by the state in order to maintain the status quo. However, during times of political unrest it is often the press who becomes the major antagonist in the fight against the government.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Why is this so? Why does the press get so deeply involved in, not just the reporting of, but the instigating and propagating of political change? In order to properly answer this question there are several other key ideas and questions which must first be examined. To understand the nature of the press' involvement in political change, one must initially understand the nature of political change in its own right. In this vein, the first section of the paper is dedicated to this investigation. An examination of the motives behind revolution will be given in order to provide a framework for the second part of the paper, which will look at the involvement of the press during revolutionary times in more specific terms. The French revolution of 1789 will be used as a backdrop for this inquiry.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are many different types of political movements, and accordingly there are many different reasons for these movements to occur. Value-oriented and norm-oriented movements deal with matters of social and political concern, but do so in the setting of the already existing political and social structures. Revolutionary movements seek to make fundamental changes to society in order to establish a completely new political and social order.1 The distinction being that the first aims to make subtle changes to society from within, while the latter's aim is to make drastic changes to society by getting rid of the principles that society was based on.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Usually this will involve a change in political beliefs and values, or political ideology. In today's world there are numerous forms of political ideologies, but in essence they are all derived from two basic root ideologies; socialism and liberalism. Socialism is an ideology w... ... Prelude to Power, The Parisian radical Press: 1789-1791, Maryland: the Johns Hopkins University Press, 1976 The Influence of the Enlightenment on the French revolution, edited by William F. Church, Canada: D.C. Heath and Company, 1974 Darton, Robert and Daniel Roche, Revolution in Print: The Press in France 1775- 1800, USA: New York Public Library, Astor, Lenox & Tilden Foundations, 1989 Guy, James John, People, Politics & Government, Toronto: Maxwell Macmillan Canada Inc., 1990. Osler, Andrew. News, The Evolution of Journalism in Canada. Missisauga: Copp Clark Pitman Ltd., 1993. Popkin, Jeremy D. Revolutionary News, The Press in France 1789-1799. USA: Duke University Press, 1990. Footnotes 1James John Guy, People, Politics and Government, (Toronto, 1990), p. 103. 2 Ibid., p. 81 3 Gustave Le Bon, The Psychology of revolution, (USA, 1968), pp. 162-3 4Ibid., p. 28. 5Andrew M. Osler, News, The Evolution of Journalism in Canada, (Canada, 1993), p. 54. 6Jeremy D. Popkin, Revolutionary News The Press in France, 1789-1799, (USA, 1990), pp. 19-20. 7Ibid., p. 22-3. 8Ibid., p.25. 9Ibid., p. 26. 10Ibid., p.28. 11Ibid., p. 2. 12Ibid., p. 3. 13Ibid., p. 3. 14Osler, p. 54. t

Telephone and Fax Machines

Critically evaluate the tools (letters, e-mail, video conference, memo, phone) of business communication in a commercial organization. To visit any commercial organization, to understand the working and importance of each of these tools. Memo A memorandum or memo is a document or other communication that helps the memory by recording events or observations on a topic, such as may be used in a business office. Letters A commercial business letter is a letter written in formal language, usually used when writing from one business organization to another, or for correspondence between such organizations and their customers, clients and other external parties. E-mail An email message consists of three components, the messageenvelope, the message header, and the message body. The message header contains control information, including, minimally, an originator's email address and one or more recipient addresses. Usually descriptive information is also added, such as a subject header field and a message submission date/time stamp. Video Conference A videoconference or video conference (also known as a videoteleconference) is a set of interactivetelecommunication technologies which allow two or more locations to interact via two-way video and audio transmissions simultaneously. Fax A fax (short for facsimile) is a document sent over a telephone line. Fax machines have existed, in various forms, since the 19th century, though modern fax machines became feasible only in the mid-1970s as the sophistication of technology increased and cost of the three underlying technologies dropped. Businesses usually maintain some kind of fax capability, the technology has faced increasing competition from Internet-based alternatives. However, fax machines still retain some advantages, particularly in the transmission of sensitive material which, if sent over the Internet unencrypted, may be vulnerable to interception, without the need for telephone tapping. In some countries, because electronic signatures on contracts are not recognized by law while faxed contracts with copies of signatures are, fax machines enjoy continuing support in business. Telephone The telephone often colloquially referred to as a phone, is atelecommunications device that transmits and receives sound, most commonly the human voice. Telephones are a point-to-pointcommunication system whose most basic function is to allow two people separated by large distances to talk to each other. It is one of the most common appliances in thedeveloped world, and has long been considered indispensable to businesses, households and governments. Circulars Flyers are typically used by individuals or businesses to promote their products or services. They are a form of mass marketing or small scale, communitycommunication. Office circulars are used in the company to convey the same information to all the employees. Make a report based on the accounting books maintained by a manufacturing concern. To study the way they are maintained. JOURNAL Journal is the book in which the transactions are entered the first time they are processed . PETTY CASH BOOK A petty cash book is a record of small value purchases usually controlled by imprest system. Items such as coffee, tea, birthday cards for employees, a few dollars if you're short on postage, are listed down in the petty cash book.

Cell Organelles and the Production of a Protein

Using a human cell of your choice, describe how organelles work together to make and secrete a protein (LO1. AC 1. 1) An epithelial cell in the thyroid gland, called a thyrocyte forms spherical follicles that produce a protein called thyroglobulin. This is a globular protein that has a functional role in metabolism. The protein is used by the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones; thyroxine (T4) is an example of one of the hormones created. Thyroxine is formed by iodine binding to tyrosine residues in thyroglobulin molecules, inside the follicle cell. www. vivo. colostate. edu/hbooks/pathphys/endocrine/thyroid/chem. html) This hormone regulates growth and controls the rate of chemical reactions in the body. This image is from: http://classes. midlandstech. com/carterp/Courses/bio211/chap16/chap16. htm Before the thyroid hormone can be secreted from the thyroid follicle cell, the thyrocyte needs to make the protein thyroglobluin, by different organelles in the cell. There are many organelles inside the cell, however only specific organelles make and secrete thyroglobulin.The Nucleus (the largest organelle inside the cell) controls all the different organelles within the follicle cell, and instructs each organelle on how to synthesis the protein (thyroglobulin). It also holds the DNA which codes for thyroglobulin, so it knows what protein the cell is producing and how much is needed. The Nucleolus, which is inside the Nucleus, contains the ribosomal RNA that is involved in building proteins and also this organelle is the site where ribosomes are assembled. The ribosome is where Thyroglobulin is made.This organelle is either found floating free throughout the cell in the cytoplasm or embedded on the rough endoplasmic reticulum. The protein can be formed at both locations. Thyroglobulin uses the rough endoplasmic reticulum as a transport system through the thyrocyte; also this organelle can be a temporary storage for thyroglobulin until it is needed. The protei n is then moved to the Golgi complex, this organelle is known to be most commonly found in glandular cells. The Golgi body is where thyroglobulin is modified into a glycoprotein; this is when a carbohydrate is added into the structure of the protein.This modified thyroglobulin is processed, sorted and packaged into secretory vesicles. These secretory vesicles are then discharged in to the follicle lumen. The thyroid follicle cell traps iodide (active uptake) and it then travels through the cell, on the way through the cell the iodide is oxidized into active iodine by hydrogen peroxide. This reaction is catalyzed by the enzyme thyroid peroxidase (TPO). The iodine is then passed into the colloid lumen. In the colloid the iodine is attached to tyrosine, this is the amino acid that joins together to make up the protein thyroglobulin, forming DIT (T2).DIT is known as a colloid thyroglobulin. Iodinated tyrosines are joined together to form thyroxine (T4). The thyroglobulin colloid is endo cytosed (entering) back into the thyroid follicle cell forming an inward folding. This is then combined with a lysosome, so that the lysosomal enzymes can split thyroxine from the thyroglobulin colloid. Finally the hormone is diffused out of the thyrocyte, through the cell membrane into the bloodstream on its way to the peripheral tissues via the capillary.Image from: http://wps. aw. com/bc_marieb_happlace_7_oa/42/10969/2808223. cw/index. html

Leo Tolstoy’s Art

Tolstoy is one of those writers whose life intervened in his literary activity; the events from real life influenced the specificity of themes and topics, raised in his works. He practiced various genres from novels, short stories to non-fiction letters.The beginning of his work as a writer coincided with his military service. The first considerable writing took six year to be completed. It was a trilogy that consisted of three novels dealing with different period of life of a person: Childhood (1852), Boyhood, (1854) and Adolescence (1857). The first novel of the trilogy in a lyrical and enchanting manner describes the innocence and joy of life through child's-eye view. The trilogy is autobiographical and presents the psychological and moral development of the hero from age ten to his late teens.After Tolstoy left army in 1856 he strengthened himself as a talented participator of Russian literary processes. His military experience, gained in Crimean War, served him as a prolific sou rce of material for new literary works, and consequently was employed for a number of short stories. Thus his â€Å"Sebastopol Tales† fiercely criticize war and ennoble an ordinary soldier. When Childhood, Adolescence, and the war stories appeared, everyone hailed them as â€Å"the first full and complete artistic expression of the psychological process.†[1]One the greatest novels by Tolstoy is War and Peace. While the scope of War and Peace is epic, Tolstoy does not load the novel down with historical facts and dates. Instead, he brings history alive by making it personal. A reader watches the intimate destinies of the Rostovs, the Bezukhovs, the Bolkonskys unfold with a level of emotion and attachment that no historical account could convey. And their fates are projected on to the destiny of a nation. It is this powerful historical fiction with a purpose that won Tolstoy his well-deserved international acknowledgement. War and Peace is universal in its appeal because of the universality of its themes: that war is profoundly alien to human nature; that the average soldier's patriotism is the building block of nations (e.g. the character of captain Tushin); the limited impact that even great individuals have on history (Napoleon and Kutuzov).Tolstoy draws his characters with simple brush strokes, with psychological depth, that makes them real. For example, the character of Natasha Rostova, whose beauty and attractiveness depended not so much on her appearance, as on her youth and her inner energy, the beauty of her soul reveals to us the symbolic significance she has in the novel. Unlike all the other main characters whose names are known to the reader before their physical appearance is described, Natasha is left nameless. She appears not like a true human being but sooner as a mythical creature that personifies the joy of life: â€Å"This black-eyed, wide-mouthed girl, not pretty but full of life . . . ran to hide her flushed face in the lace of her mother’s mantilla—not paying the least attention to her severe remark—and began to laugh. She laughed, and in fragmentary sentences tried to explain about a doll which she produced from the folds of her frock.† [2]In Anna Karenina, probably his stylistically most perfect novel, he sought to create a novel in the tradition of the Greek classics. He dwells on marital happiness, the fate of an abused woman in society and the role of physical and spiritual love in marriage. In Anna Karenina the epic horizons are narrower than in War and Peace, yet the feelings of the characters are more sharp and acute, their sufferings at times even more profound. Anna's and Vronsky's story of forbidden love strikes readers because Tolstoy shows the fatal inevitability of a mutual attraction, its development and then its fading and its tragic denouement. Anna and Vronsky are depicted as being destroyed by some external force, in fact, by each other.Tolstoy writes that they involuntarily submit to the other:   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Involuntarily submitting to the weakness of Anna –who had given herself up to him entirely, and placed her fate in his hands, ready to accept anything–he had long ceased to think that they might part, as he had thought then†¦.   [He] had completely abandoned himself to his passion, and that passion was binding him more and more closely to her.†[3]The brilliance of Tolstoy's art is his almost casual description of details that, at first sight seems insignificant and accidental, but which later come to play a crucial role in a character's fate. In the end, the drama of Anna's love is portrayed with such strength that it cannot leave any reader indifferent.After he had written Anna Karenina, Tolstoy got determined against literature. He wanted henceforth to be a moral philosopher rather than an artist. And as Anthony Daniels notes in his article, many people subsequently fell under Tolstoy’s didactic t eaching, even – for a time – Chekhov.[4] This didactics became peculiar to his successive works. In Tolstoy's literature we find the contemplation of what are the proper ways of living. For instance in his short story â€Å"How Much Land Does A Man Need?† the main character is an ordinary farmer whose own greed destroys him. In this literary work, the author exploits Pahom's search as a symbolic warning that longing for too much can result in loss of everything.Tolstoy strengthens his moral believes by his stories. Through the symbolism he endeavors to preach his philosophy and deliver hidden messages to readers. Thus, main character’s running against the sun conveys the symbolic meaning that Pahom is moving against time and course of life. This symbolic device produces the atmosphere of haste and panic. However, at the end of the story the main character dies and all his pursuit for unreal aim turns out to be worthless. The morality of the story is that we must properly estimate our abilities and what is more important our needs. Tolstoy finishes this story with the conclusion that finally we all will need not more that only small piece of land: â€Å"His servant picked up the spade and dug a grave long enough for Pahà ³m to he in, and buried him in it. Six feet from his head to his heels was all he needed†.[5]In the mid-1880s Tolstoy continues writing short stories. He tends to use fairy tales or religious legends to develop their ideas in his own works. The style of these short stories is plain but expressive. They often reveal Tolstoy’s religious convictions. In 1886, Tolstoy publishes the novella â€Å"The Death of Ivan Illych.†Ã‚   The story concerns dying man who becomes aware that his life is nearly over. By the time Tolstoy wrote â€Å"The Death of Ivan Illych†, he got engaged in extremely puritanical ideas. His protagonist's main pleasure in life is playing bridge with his friends, which is con demned by the writer as vicious because, like music at the conservatoire, it is frivolous, artificial, and inauthentic. He severely criticizes this character and depicts his life as a shallow, terrible being: â€Å"Ivan Illych's life had been most simple and most ordinary and therefore most terrible.†[6] Ivan is a conformist; opinions and expectations of people of socially higher rank usually determine Ivan’s behavior and wishes.He tries to keep up friendship with only those who have good social position. That is why his life is terrible; there is no place for free will, for well-grounded decision. And the only exemplary character in this story is a peasant Gerasim. Tolstoy wrote about the peasants as about the moral agents, bearers of moral virtues. In â€Å"The Death of Ivan Illych† Ivan learned something from Gerasim, who made him see a possibility to which Ivan's way of living had kept his eyes shut, a possibility that was excluded by the way he lived. Ivan Illych had been caught up in a way of life that excluded the possibility of care for and devotion to other people. By his example Gerasim opened up for Ivan what was a new possibility and made him realize what was wrong with his life. In this story Tolstoy juxtaposes moral peasant with a morally weak nobleman.Though in his late works Tolstoy exhibited too ideological approach when evolving his characters and presenting themes that led to simplifications, his penetrating psychological analysis had great influence on later literature. The most important thing is that Tolstoy succeeded in his major endeavor as a writer to use his linguistic and artistic means to portray eternal human passions through typical traits of his epoch, going beyond linguistic, ethnic and other borders. Tolstoy solved this task excellently. And this is why he is a classic of both Russian and world literature.Works Cited List:Daniels, Anthony. â€Å"Chekhov & Tolstoy†. New Criterion. Vol. 23: 8, April 20 05.Orwin Tussing, Donna. Tolstoy’s Art and Thought, 1847-1880. Princeton University Press, 1993Tolstoy, Leo. Anna Karenina. Aylmer Maude – Transl., Louise Maude – Transl., London: Penguin, 1978.—-, â€Å"How Much Land Does a Man Need?†   Twenty-three Tales, Transl. L. and A. Maude, New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1907: 113-122—-, â€Å"The Death of Ivan Illych† Aylmer Maude – Transl., Louise Maude – Transl., Retrieved on December 3, 2005 from Tolstoy Library  http://home.aol.com/Tolstoy28—-, War and Peace. Henry Gifford – editor, Aylmer Maude – Transl., Louise Maude – Transl., Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998.[1]Donna Tussing Orwin. Tolstoy’s Art and Thought, 1847-1880. Princeton University Press, 1993: 19[2] Leo Tolstoy, War and Peace, 39 [3] Tolstoy, Leo Anna Karenina, 381 [4] Anthony Daniels, Chekhov & Tolstoy, 31 [5] Tolstoy Leo, Twenty-three Tales, â€Å"How Much Land Does A Man Need?†, 122 [6] Tolstoy Leo, The Death of Ivan Illych, Chapter II