Impacts of the Mafia - 735 Words

Impacts of the Mafia The Mafia is an Italian secret criminal society. The Mafia, or syndicate, impacts cities all around the world. Most of the effects of the Mafia are negative, but there can be several positive effects on the culture and economy of the cities in which it frequents. Peter Maas declares organized crime the â€Å"biggest business in the country† (Maas). â€Å"The largest and best known organized crime group is the nationwide organization variously known as the ‘syndicate’, the ‘mob’, the ‘Mafia’, and the ‘Cosa Nostra’† (Nash, Jason O-155). Some activities of the Mafia include gambling, loan sharking, pornography, illicit drugs, and racketeering. The Mafia began in Sicily, but did not retain to just that one location. In†¦show more content†¦They serve as mediators or â€Å"buffers† between the top members and lower personnel. The lowest members are the soldati, or soldiers. They are mobsters who lead a particular enterprise (Nash O-155). Mafia activity impacts the cities that it is involved in. The results of the activities of the Mafia partakes in can be positive or negative. Cities are mostly negatively impacted by organized crime. Even though there may be several arrests, they do not show the extent of the crime that is under the radar of the police and federal justice organizations. In a global context, the number of arrests or convictions for involvement in organized crime reflects police performance, rather than the extent of illegal activity (Van Dijk 40). â€Å"Criminologists describe organized crime as criminal activites for material benefit by groups that engage in extreme violence, corruption of public officials including law enforcement and judicial officers, penetration of the legitimate economy and interfering in the political process† (Van Dijk, Jan 40). High levels of crime can increase the risk of doing business in a country (V an Dijk 49). Infiltration in the economy and politics is a distinct characteristic of Mafia-type organizations. Racketeering is a problem in New York. Once the racketeering mobs are destroyed or defeated, the economy revitalizes (Van Dijk 50). Organized crime reduces economic development through its negative impact. The negative results of the Mafia are notShow MoreRelatedThe Mafia s Influence On Hip Hop1603 Words   |  7 PagesThe Mafia’s influence on Hip-Hop In Rap, there is a unique culture, history, social impact and influence on society. Hip-Hop/Rap is one of the most popular genre of music. It has helped shape the pop culture into what it is today. What is popular culture? The ideas, activities or products, which are popular among the general mass. In today’s pop culture, one subject that is at the top of the list is hip-hop/rap. Hip-Hop music highlights verses consisting of slang and catchy phrases, which someRead MoreThe Street Empire916 Words   |  4 Pagesas organized criminals for example the Italian Mafia, led by mobsters such as Al Capone and â€Å"Lucky† Luciano, performed illicit practices such as bootlegging, impacting society in both positive and negative effects. Furthermore, aided by the success of organized crime during the prohibition, organized crime evolved and organized into one of the most dominant organizations in modern day United States. One important factor to understand about the impact of organized crime in the 1920s is the major participantsRead MoreHistory of the American Mafia Essay1512 Words   |  7 PagesHistory of the American Mafia Imagine living in a world where crime ruled. A world where gangsters were more powerful than politicians, owned the police, and ran the city in whatever way they felt. They robbed whom they wanted and killed when they didnt get their way. Now stop imagining and realize that this happened here in the United States of America in the 1920s. It was run by an organization made up mainly of Italians called the Mafia. The word Mafia itself has many meaningsRead MoreEssay about Organized Crime1744 Words   |  7 PagesAmerica as well as the social state of its homeland, Europe. Our society is convinced that the so-called Mafia is a family of pure criminals, pimps, and murderers. Whatever the opinion, there is no doubt that the Mafia played a big part in the history of America and the way Americans view crime today. The origins of the secret society known as the Mafia are believed to be as old as the 9th century (Mafia History). During the 9th century, the Mafias main purpose was to strengthen themselves against enemiesRead MoreThe Fight Organized Crime Regime1692 Words   |  7 PagesUS law enforcement. Most members of law enforcement, anti-mafia NGOs and academic and journalistic analysts insist upon the fact that from the mid-1990’s on up, the anti-mafia fight dramatically slowed down and weakened.(Paoli) The consequence of recent law enforcement accomplishments is that Italian mafia organizations, and particularly Cosa Nostra, are experiencing their most serious crisis since the Fascist regime’s indiscriminate mafia suppression in the late 1920s. By the end of the 1970s, CostaRead MoreRussian Mafia1601 Words   |  7 PagesOne of the most famous types of organized crime in the past and present is the Russian Mafia. This article entails the rational choice theory model with how it justifies being able to join the Russian Mafia and the business that they conduct. A rational theorist would argue that we as people are rational human beings who carefully calculated the consequences of our behaviour. We make choices based on the cost benefit analysis. The concept of th e cost benefit analysis is that when we have to makeRead MoreBook Report on The New Ethnic Mob by William Kleinknecht Essay1470 Words   |  6 Pagesreporter for the Newark Star Ledger in New Jersey, and The New Ethnic Mob is Bills first published book. As mafia boss after mafia boss goes to jail there is a new ethnic criminal emerging to the forefront of organized crime. A major player that is likely to leave a lasting impact is the Russian mafia. Many experts say they have even surpassed the Italian mafia in there cleverness. They are involved in sophisticated forging, counterfeit, and credit card schemes that haveRead MorePrison Gangs : The United States991 Words   |  4 PagesBrotherhood, Mexican Mafia and the Prison Brotherhood of Bikers (FBI 2013 National Gang Report). One of the most powerful and prevalent prison gangs is the Mexican Mafia due to their influence on local street gangs by taxing all their illegal sales and ordering Surenos type gangs to help accelerate their cause by collecting gang ordered taxes, assaults, and murders (FBI 2013 National Gang Report). Many members of the Sureno gang could be controlled by comparatively few Mexican Mafia members. In exchangeRead MoreThe Mafia Essay1443 Words   |  6 PagesThe Mafia The Mafia is a secret criminal organization that has great economic and political control over large parts of Sicilian society and operates both criminal and legitimate enterprises in the United States. It is believed to have started during Sicilys late Middle Ages, beginning as separate bonds of strong-arm enforcers hired by local landowners. It eventually evolved into a network of independent groups governing in rural areas. With the Sicilian immigration of the late 19th centuryRead MoreBugsy Siegel and his Visions on Las Vegas1646 Words   |  7 Pagesbecame part of the mafia. Lansky and Siegel became close friends during their youth, which also happened to be the same time that Meyer Lansky was putting together a small-time mob. As author Ric Dickinson, author of Benjamin Bugsy Siegel, stated in his article, During adolescence, Siegel befriended Meyer Lansky, who was forming a small mob whose activities expanded to gambling and car theft (Para. 1). Over time, Siegel began cre ating a reputation for himself within the mafia by becoming more involved

Drugs, Legal And Illegal - 1508 Words

People use drugs, legal and illegal, because their lives are intolerably painful or dull† said Wendell Berry. The same could be said with a toxic organic compound named Morphine. Morphine is white, crystalline and odorless which contain 17 carbon, 19 hydrogen atoms, 1 nitrogen atom and 3 oxygen. (C17H19NO3) Under organic compounds, it’s classified in the â€Å"True Alkaloid† group as the nitrogen is organized in a heterocycle and originated from amino acid. Morphine are produced through an extraction from plants like â€Å"Papaver Somniferous† then processed or produced synthetically for medication and recreational purposes. Firstly, morphine is an analgesic opioid that exists in tablets or solution form and could be consumed through swallowing,†¦show more content†¦The binding could only occur in the receptors active site if the size, shape and charge of the morphine’s meet the requirement of the receptor. Once the match is identified, the following binding process would take place. The flat benzene ring in morphine would fit securely in the flat surface of the receptor’s active site to allow the rest of the molecule to fall in place easily. The adjacent carbon atoms would fit into a nearby groove, while the nitrogen atom would attach to the negatively charged group receptor, hence joining the two together. After the binding occurred, the morphine would be able to block the sending of the painful information from the pre-synaptic neuron on the nociceptor. This is because, it caused a reactionary changed in the cell which blocks its ability to produces the substance that causes the feeling of pain during and/or after an operation and injury. On the other hand, despite the medical benefits mentioned above, morphine is an addictive drug which a number of individuals in the current society misuse or abuse it for recreational purpose. These addiction and dependency could be caused by genetics, environment but most importantly, the change in brain and chemical structure. Like other opioids, morphine addiction could be inherited from previous generations and therefore, the ones who had relatives that is a current or past morphine

Federal Magistrates Court Rules

Question: Discuss about the Federal Magistrates Court Rules. Answer: Introduction: The final verdict by the Federal Magistrates court of Australia on the case between Mr. Yelaswarapu and the Ministry of immigration and Anor has far reaching implications. One will notice that the suit had many considerations that were made due to the nature of the issues to be addressed. First of all, this was a case between a government entity and an individual. Such cases are often complex to handle and it calls for wisdom from above if any judge must give a fair judgment. (Haas 31) Normally, it is anticipated that any government institution cannot lose a case given the intensity of the resources that are channeled into the suit. A ministry in charge of peoples movement is critical in any government because it determines many population statistics. Demographic changes in a country determine factors such as GDP and the general production in the economy. (Karl 23) The physical implications of the outcome of this case would cut across all parties that were involved. The first party is the applicant who may also be referred to as the complainant. Mr. Yelaswarapu carries the day as the winner in the contest. After he was denied justice in his bid to apply for the visa, he finally gets reprieve from the Federal Magistrates court. Indeed, his efforts were not in vain. Filing a suit is always an expensive venture. (Haas 45)The procedures and bureaucracies demanded that he parts with a considerable amount of money which is charged in court. The decision to award him victory implied that he would be compensated for the time and resources he used. Besides that, he would have his visa processed in time. Mr. Yelaswarapu would travel to his desired destination and pursue whatever course he had intended. Initially, the ministry had leveled claims that he did not submit proper details of his address hence wrong communication was done and led to delays. (Haa s 62). It may have been true but later on, Mr. Yelaswarapu responded swiftly to submit his address in time before the stipulated deadlines. The attempts by the immigration ministry to castigate him were thwarted by the legal interpretations. As an individual, Yelaswarapu would have made a milestone in terms of his personal profile. Having taken on a government institution and sailed through, he has beaten all odds. It has not been clear whether he sourced the services of any lawyer but all in all, this was a landmark achievement on the individual scale. (Einer 112) The next party to be examined is the first respondent who is the minister for immigration and citizenship. He has the mandate to provide services to the citizens without regard to social status or any other discriminatory factor. In this scenario, the ministry in which he heads has been faced by a client who has an interest in obtaining a suit. Prior incidences show that the client was at fault in the manner in which he submitted his address. This led to a miscommunication whereby the information was addressed to a different destination. Initially, the ministry blamed the client for submitting inadequate address information leading to his denial of the visa. However, the law acquitted Mr. Yelaswarapu who acted with haste to submit the documents. (Garner 107)At this moment, the minister is caught on the wrong side of the law. The physical implications are that he should face trial or he should be fined so that Mr. Yelaswarapu can be compensated. In extreme situations, such a person ca n be relieved of his duties. For instance, if the appointing authority gets news regarding the suit, severe action can be taken against that person. The Australian president who is the appointing authority may take a step in hiring a new minister who is much competent in interpretation of the law. This is important especially for the image of the country since the international community is keen to access such cases. If Mr. Yelaswarapu involved the media to communicate his grievances, the Australian government would face a big risk of losing its reputation across the whole world. Consequently, the implications of the ruling are far reaching for the entire immigration ministry not only the minister. Officials in the visa processing department would also face the sack because of the laxity that they have exhibited. (Norman 57) The last party that is affected by this ruling is the migration review tribunal which is acting as the second respondent. It is evident that the tribunal has a duty to interpret laws to the people and institutions. In this case, it was mandated to make a ruling concerning the validity and the timelines in the visa applications. (Garner 55) However, the tribunal failed to provide the services within its jurisdiction. The main reason in its defense is that it had no power in its jurisdiction to make a ruling concerning Yelaswarapus application. The Federal Magistrates Court of Australia found that the tribunal was also at fault to insinuate that it had no jurisdiction. As a respondent, the tribunal had lost the case just like the first respondent. The implications too are severe for this institution. First of all, the credentials of the tribunal officials are to be questioned because they believe they cannot handle the duties mandated to them. (Jordan 18)The federal court which is a hi gher court would reprimand the tribunal judges so that they can substantiate their claims. More so, the reputation of the tribunal is soiled by this fact because it cannot dissect the law and make sound judgment. The judicial upper hand has a duty to reform this tribunal and in this case, most of the officials would also pack their things to leave office. This implies that a much more credible institution would be set up with the capacity to handle cases of this nature and even those that are more complex. The process of hiring the officials is also bound to change. More rigorous and thorough interviews would be conducted to obtain competent judges and magistrates. Despite making a reshuffle in the tribunals, the exiting officials should be charged in the court of law as well. (Garner 23) Principles of Statutory Interpretations Statutes are formed to make the law. The principles of the statutory interpretations have been used in this case. The principles demand that the language of the statutes must be understood as plainly as they appear. In Australia, language is essential in the interpretation of the law. The reason why the law is applied wrongly is because of the ambiguity of some words. (Jordan 34). For instance, some words have more than one meaning and even they may mean a direct contrast of the meanings. In the case between Mr. Yelaswarapu and the immigration ministry, there was a misinterpretation of the statutes and it is the reason that Mr. Yelaswarapu won the case. The principles of language found the ministry at fault because it failed to interpret the deadlines at which the visa application was to be made. Originally, the minister thought the applicant was late in the submission and castigated him over wrong addresses. (Haas 74) The failure in the interpretation was further rectified by the Federal Magistrates Court of Australia. The principle of statutory construction was applied as well. It implies that each phrase must be given attention and the effect it deserves as well as each word of it. The details in the above case were ignored and for this reason the applicant was awarded. (Jacob 12) The tribunal could not employ the principle and that is why it claimed to have lacked mandate in solving the case. Statutory phrases should never be ignored. If words have been used plainly, their meanings should be understood as they are. In the event that ambiguity arises, the principle of statutory construction should be used. This principle seeks to examine the linguistic technicalities that a phrase or word means. Once this is done, the interpretation of the law is simplified. It is always a difficult task since suits come to the courts in different forms. It requires a competent and sharp individual to justify th eir decisions basing on the statutes. The case between Mr. Yelaswarapu and the minister is one of those technical suits that needed a lot of input to come up with sound judgment. Works Cited Einer, Elhauge. Statutory Default Rules: How to Interpret Unclear Legislation. Harvard University Press, 2008. Print Garner, Bryan. Black's Law Dictionary. St. Paul, MN: West Publishing, 2009. Print Haas, Malouf. Federal Attorney-General's Announcement. Oxford University Press, 2012. print Jacob, Decker. Federal Magistrates of the Federal Magistrates Court of Australia. Federal Court of Australia. Toronto: Harcourt, 2012. print Jacob,Timm. Federal Circuit Court of Australia Act 1999 in Common Law. New York: Harcourt, 2010. print Jordan, McNamara. Judgments of the Federal Magistrates Court in General Federal Law, Cambridge University Press, 2013. Print Karl, Llewellyn. Remarks on the Theory of Appellate Decision and the Rules of Canons about How Statutes are to be Construed. Green Bag, 2012. Print Norman, Singer. Sutherland Statutory Construction. West Group, 2015. print

Traditional Vs Modern Ideologies free essay sample

R. K Narayan (1906-2001) is one of the most famous and widely known Indian English language author. He has written many short stories and novels but is very well known for his imaginary town Magudi and his novels such as Swami and Friends, The Bachelor Arts, The English Teacher, The Financial Expert and The Guide. Narayan is considered to be a leading figure in Indian English literature along with Mulk Raj Anand and Raja Rao. He wrote around the time when India was colonized by the British during the twentieth century thus a lot of his works are influenced by the events that took place at large during that period. When British colonized India they brought along with them a different culture. The Britishers completely westernized India with their development of English schools, government offices, transportation and much more. As rightly said by Dr. Madhukar Nikam, â€Å"The writer in the colonized country tended to soak up the culture of the colonial power and feel a familiar-ity and some affection for it, even though the experience of colonialism may have demoralized and destabilized his own colonized culture† (Nikam â€Å"R. We will write a custom essay sample on Traditional Vs Modern Ideologies or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page K Narayan as a Post-Colonial Novelist† 2012: 25) Narayan’s fictional town Malgudi which is located in South India was created by the author in order to escape the tyrants of the British colonial rule. As Nilufer Bharucha speaks about it in her essay â€Å"Colonial Enclosures and Autonomous Spaces: R. K Narayan’s Malgudi†, â€Å"fictional town of Malgudi was a sovereign space, independent of imperial domination. Malgudi asserted a pre-colonial order and distinct Indian society and culture within the reductiveness of colonialism†. She uses the word â€Å"Utopia† (Bharucha â€Å"Colonial Enclosures and Autonomous Spaces: R. K Narayan’s Malgudi† 129) which is perfectly suitable for this town. Everyone would love to reside in a hassel free town like Malgudi. The stories appear to be very simple yet witty. From Narayan’s very first novel Swami and Friends till The World of Nagaraj (one of his last works) it has been quite a journey, we see Malgudi slowly undergoing through a lot of changes. In his very last novel The World of Nagaraj (1990) we notice transformation taking place in this peaceful town of Malgudi where westernization has come into being. I will be thus exploring how Narayan’s last novel depicts changes in the postcolonial India and its aftermath on the younger generation (in the book) ultimately creating conflicts between two ideologies. The story revolves around the protagonist Nagaraj who calls himself â€Å"a man with mission† (Narayan,The World of Nagraj, 2005: 1) , yet he isn’t clear on what his mission is. He lives comfortably in a large house left by his father on Kabir Street with his wife Sita and his mother. He spends his day walking around the town of Malgudi and meeting people from the neighborhood as he walks by. He lives a very leisurely life working at Coomar’s Boeing Sari Centre during the day for Coomar looking after the accounts. He works there for free because â€Å"this arrangement leaves me free to come and go when I like† (The World, 24). Later he would walk back home and sit on the veranda of his house watching the people pass by and planning to write a book on the celestial sage Narada but is unable to do so. The trouble starts when his nephew Tim (his elder brother Gopu’s son) comes to Malgudi and plans to stay with them. Tim very clearly represents the younger generation who is affected by the urbanization and westernization of the Indian society. He left his father’s house because he called him a â€Å"Donkey† (The World, 37). The author here is probably mocking at the younger lot for having low tolerance level. Nagaraj plans to take full responsibility of Tim and the dilemma starts when Tim doesn’t adhere to Nagaraj’s way of living. During the course of the novel we come to know that Tim has dropped out of the Albert Mission Junior College and works at a club called Kismet in New Extension. Kismet represents the epitome of westernization in a town like Malgudi. Nagaraj who is of the traditional mindset for him the word whiskey itself is a â€Å"horrible word, not for Kabir Street families† and Kismet is â€Å"such a horrible place that one should not be seen there† (The World, 59). In order to get Tim on the right track his father plans to get him married to a suitable young girl. â€Å"Tim was not only impressed but overwhelmed† (The World, 91) with Saroja who had a talent for singing and playing harmonium which Nagaraj found very disturbing. After marriage we see that Tim and Saroja always keet to themselves and soon after when Tim decides to let Saroja work along with him at Kismet Club as a singer this situation totally shocks Nagaraj. He tries not to deal with it by concentrating on his book. Towards the end of the novel Tim and Saroja leave the Kabir Street only because Nagaraj didn’t stand and appreciate Saroja’s singing. The event once more ridicules at the foolishness and impatience of the young people. Narayan depicts in his novel the impact of industrialization, disintegration of the families and the consequences of modern education very well. While reading the narrative we see a lot of instances which hint at the alterations taking place in Malgudi. A noteworthy example was that of the newspaper, â€Å"Only one sheet for ten paise and one side filled with advertisements! † (The World, 2). This clearly shows how newspapers have completely become capitalist, more interested in making money and expanding their business than to actually provide news to the general public. Another illustration is Bari’s stationary shop that prides itself on selling foreign goods as he says- â€Å"â€Å"I import pens the like of which you can’t see anywhere†¦ might have heard of Hamilton Bond. It’s world famous-the best in the world†Ã¢â‚¬  (The World, 23). The author visibly indicates how stocking on imported stationary becomes a selling point for Bari and how the mass become infatuated and impressed by it. This shows the lasting impact that British has created upon us, As Nilufer Bharucha points out- â€Å"the foreign paper and pens reiterate once again the interdependence and concomitant pluralisation and polarization as well as notions of the centre, margins and peripheries in colonial/postcolonial spaces† (Bharucha â€Å"Colonial Enclosures and Autonomous Spaces: R. K Narayan’s Malgudi† 150). Another aspect which goes unnoticed is when Nagaraj decides to start writing his novel regarding the sage Narada he prefers to write it in English considering it is a universal language and would want everyone to know about the sage. â€Å"This maybe an ironic reference to the continuing importance and global presence of the English language, even after the death of the Empire† (Bharucha â€Å"Colonial Enclosures and Autonomous Spaces: R. K Narayan’s Malgudi† 151). The narration also deals with problematic relationship between mother-in-law and daughter-in-law due to the differences in their attitude and beliefs. â€Å"Most of the Narayan’s stories are stories of characters drawn from every walk of life†¦They present a cross section of Indian culture† (Khatri. R. K Narayan:Reflections and Re-evaluation 2006: 13). The partition of kitchen when Gopu married Charu and the whole episode of kerosene stove and mud oven brings out the clashes between younger and older generations. She goes herself to Chettiar’s shop, buys something and comes home. Never heard of any young woman going out to a shop by herself. She has brought from her parent’s house her own stove and vessels, and gives her husband what she likes. I never look at her corner of the kitchen. (The World, 29) Mother believes that food cooked over smoky firewood in the mud oven was healthful while kerosene flame caused throat trouble. To prove it she blew her nose and sneezed when Charu lit her kerosene stove. Charu ignored theses systems and said, ‘Mother, a wood fire leads to cold and eye disease, that’s what my mother used to say†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (The World, 30) As mentioned by Rajasverrie Naido in his thesis â€Å"R. K Narayan’s Malgudi Novels: A Critical study of Theme and Character†, â€Å"In these charming scenes of domesticity, Narayan captures the tension which arises when older and younger generations function together, and the fragility of such relationships become evident† (Naido â€Å"R. K Narayan’s Malgudi Novels: A Critical study of Theme and Character† 317). The author deals with the breakdown of the joint family as soon as his father dies, when Gopu decides to leave the town of Malgudi and decides to stay alone with his wife. The novel ends on a good note with Tim and Saroja back at the Kabir Street with their elders and dependant on them. We agree with Rajasverrie Naido that, â€Å"The novel ends on an optimistic note, that of reconciliation. Nagaraj and Sita compromise their principles and adapt to accommodate Tim and Saroja whose ultra modern lifestyle has proved to be disastrous. † We also see how the harmonium is back in the room and Nagaraj’s dream of writing the novel remains incomplete. Thus we can conclude by saying that â€Å"The world of Narayan’s short stories is, thus not only fictional, it is at the same time universal. Malgudi is confined world dimensionally but within its limited physical compass it embraces the beast of humanity†.