Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf, Liberias Iron Lady

Ellen Johnson was born on  October  29, 1938, in Monrovia, the capital of Liberia, amongst the descendants of original colonists of Liberia (ex-African slaves from America, who promptly on arrival set about enslaving the indigenous people using the social system of their old American masters as a basis for their new society). These descendants are known in Liberia as Americo-Liberians. Causes of Liberias Civil Conflict The social inequalities between indigenous Liberians and the Americo-Liberians have lead to much of the political and social strife in the country, as leadership bounced between dictators representing opposing groups (Samuel Doe replacing William Tolbert, Charles Taylor replacing Samuel Doe). Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf rejects the suggestion that she is one of the elite: If such a class existed, it has been obliterated over the last few years from intermarriages and social integration. Gaining an Education From 1948 to 55 Ellen Johnson studied accounts and economics at the College of West Africa in Monrovia. After marriage at the age of 17 to James Sirleaf, she traveled to America (in 1961) and continued her studies, achieving a degree from the University of Colorado. From 1969 to 71 she read economics at Harvard, gaining a masters degree in public administration. Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf then returned to Liberia and began working in William Tolberts (True Whig Party) government. A Start in Politics Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf served as Minister of Finance from 1972 to 73 but left after a disagreement over public spending. As the 70s progressed, life under Liberias one-party state became more polarised—to the benefit of the Americo-Liberian elite. On April 12, 1980, Master Sergeant Samuel Kayon Doe, a member of the indigenous Krahn ethnic group, seized power in a military coup and President William Tolbert was executed along with several members of his cabinet by firing squad. Life under Samuel Doe With the Peoples Redemption Council now in power, Samuel Doe began a purge of government. Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf narrowly escaped—choosing exile in Kenya. From 1983 to 85 she served as Director of Citibank in Nairobi, but when Samuel Doe declared himself president of the Republic in 1984 and unbanned political parties, she decided to return. During the 1985 elections, Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf campaigned against Doe and was placed under house arrest. An Economists Life in Exile Sentenced to ten years in prison, Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf spent just a short time incarcerated, before being allowed to leave the country once again as an exile. During the 1980s she served as Vice President of both the African Regional Office of Citibank, in Nairobi, and of (HSCB) Equator Bank, in Washington. Back in Liberia civil unrest erupted once more. On 9 September 1990, Samuel Doe was killed by a splinter group from Charles Taylors National Patriotic Front of Liberia. A New Regime From 1992 to 97 Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf worked as Assistant Administrator, and then Director, of the UN Development Program Regional Bureau for Africa (essentially an Assistant Secretary-General of the UN). Meanwhile, in Liberia, an interim government was put in power, led by a succession of four un-elected officials (the last of whom, Ruth Sando Perry, was Africas first female leader). By 1996 the presence of West African peacekeepers created a lull in the civil war, and elections were held. A First Attempt at the Presidency Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf returned to Liberia in 1997 to contest the election. She came second to Charles Taylor (gaining 10% of the vote compared to his 75%) out of a field of 14 candidates. The election was declared free and fair by international observers. (Johnson-Sirleaf campaigned against Taylor and was charged with treason.) By 1999 civil war had returned to Liberia, and Taylor was accused of interfering with his neighbors, fomenting unrest and rebellion. A New Hope from Liberia On 11 August 2003, after much persuasion, Charles Taylor handed power over to his deputy Moses Blah. The new interim government and rebel groups signed an historic peace accord and set about installing a new head of state. Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf was proposed as a possible candidate, but in the end, the diverse groups selected Charles Gyude Bryant, a political neutral. Johnson-Sirleaf served as head of the Governance Reform Commission. Liberias 2005 Election Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf played an active role in the transitional government as the country prepared for the 2005 elections and eventually stood for president against her rival the ex-international footballer, George Manneh Weah. Despite the elections being called fair and orderly, Weah repudiated the result, which gave a majority to Johnson-Sirleaf, and the announcement of Liberias new president was postponed, pending an investigation. On  November 23, 2005, Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf was declared the winner of the Liberian election and confirmed as the countrys next president. Her inauguration, attended by the likes of US First Lady Laura Bush and Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice, took place on Monday, January 16, 2006.Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf, the divorced mother of four boys and grandmother to six children, is Liberias first elected female president, as well as the first elected female leader on the continent.

Eighteen Years Old, The Age Of Adulthood In The United

Eighteen years old, the age of adulthood in the United States, where one can legally participate in activities that one was unable to as a child. Well, almost everything. This unfortunately doesn’t include the right to decide whether to drink alcohol or not because the drinking age in the United States is twenty-one, not eighteen. The drinking age, as a matter of fact, used to be eighteen in some of the states back in the 1970s and prior to that. The new national drinking age limit was implemented in 1984. States had the option of choosing to follow this new law or keep their existing drinking age, but if the states did not abide by this new law, they would have ten percent of their highway funds annually condemned (â€Å"The 1984†). This was†¦show more content†¦Alcohol is said to be the fourth leading preventable cause of death, so there is obviously a number one leading cause. The number one leading cause of death in the United States is tobacco: â€Å"Ciga rette smoking is responsible for more than 480,000 deaths per year in the United States, including more than 41,000 deaths, resulting from secondhand smoke exposure† (â€Å"Smoking†). Tobacco is killing five times more Americans than alcohol is, but it is legal to buy cigarettes and smoke them at eighteen years old. Why is drinking alcohol seen as more harmful than smoking, when clearly the statistics are showing something different? Drinking alcohol and using tobacco can both be extremely unhealthy and destructive to the human body, but in different ways. Long-term overuse of alcohol can cause diseases such as liver cancer or heart disease. Another big concern with drinking is ingesting too much at one time and getting alcohol poisoning. Both examples are destructive to the human body, but drinking alcohol responsibly and moderately can provide some health benefits, if the drinking is kept to an average of only about one to two drinks per day (Mayo). Unlike drinking al cohol, smoking tobacco doesn’t have any health benefits. Smoking is undoubtedly detrimental to anyone’s health, increasing a person’s risk of getting heart disease and/or lung cancer. Lowering the drinking age would help a young drinker become more responsible andShow MoreRelatedEssay about Lower the Drinking Age To 18561 Words   |  3 Pages The drinking age in the United States is a contradiction. At the age of eighteen, one can drive a car, vote in an election, get married, serve in the military and buy tobacco products. In the United States you are legally an adult at eighteen. An eighteen-year-old, however, cannot purchase alcoholic beverages. The minimum drinking age should be lowered from twenty-one in the United States. Unbelievably, the United States citizens trust their sixteen-year-old children to drive three thousand poundRead MoreThe Drinking Age Of The United States Essay1599 Words   |  7 PagesBy the age of twenty-one, most people have at some point consumed an alcoholic beverage. For others, turning twenty-one might mean a whole new world of freedom. Young teens and adults drink for many reasons. Teens may drink because of peer pressure, others because of pure enjoyment, and many for of the thrill of breaking the law. Before the 1980’s, the legal drinking age was eighteen. This would only make sense because at this age a person is declared an adult. Many are in favor of keeping the drinkingRead MoreThe Legal Drinking Age Should Be Abolished1634 Words   |  7 Pagesin the United States all stem from one major root: the Prohibition Era of the 1920s. The Prohibition Era lasted almost thirteen years and banned the production, the distribution, and the sale of alcohol. In 1933, the Pr ohibition Act was repealed and states designated their own legal drinking age. In 1984 the National Minimum Drinking Age act was passed and raised the drinking age in the United States to twenty-one. This law caused uproar in states that had declared the minimum drinking age to be eighteenRead MoreThe Debate Of The Drinking Age959 Words   |  4 Pagesdrinking age has always been twenty-one in the United States, whenever it has been questioned on why twenty-one and not eighteen. The scientific answer has always been because the eighteen-year-old brain is not fully developed yet. See what I have a hard time understanding is why eighteen-year-olds are considered adults at the age of eighteen, but we can’t have a drink. At eighteen you are allowed to buy cigarettes, join the army, change your name. I just don’t understand why at eighteen you are consideredRead MoreFor Years, The Debate About Deciding A Minimum Legal Drinking1638 Words   |  7 PagesFor years, the debat e about deciding a minimum legal drinking age (MLDA) has plagued the United States. The arguments can include that intoxicated driving accidents will increase if the MLDA was lowered or that the current MLDA is not decreasing drinking among young adults at all. The torn arguments between ages eighteen and twenty-one have not proven one age to be the right answer to the problem of deciding a drinking age, but if the MLDA was lowered to age eighteen, it would be the most beneficialRead MoreLowering The Drinking Age1336 Words   |  6 PagesStudies show that keeping the drinking age at twenty-one improves lives. When the United States raised the age limit to twenty-one in 1985, a shortage of drinking occurred at a whopping 40% by 1991. As a result, fewer students drop out of high school, less motor accidents occur, and suicides rates dropped significantly. However, lowering the drinking age to eighteen will bring serious consequences on young adults by reversing these statistics. Lowe ring the drinking age will cause significant health problemsRead MoreThe Issue Of Juvenile Crime Essay810 Words   |  4 Pagesjurisdiction age from age seventeen to eighteen is a great idea. I also believe that sexting is a crime for some. Juvenile crime is a huge issue in the United States, but how we punish those young adults is also very important. On September 18th, 2013 Deval Patrick, the Governor of Massachusetts, signed legislation that raises the age of juvenile jurisdiction from the age of seventeen to eighteen. There are many great reasons for this change. One reason for this change is because the age eighteen is theRead MoreThe Issue Of Juvenile Crime826 Words   |  4 Pagesjurisdiction age from age seventeen to eighteen is a great idea. I also believe that sexting is a crime for some. Juvenile crime is a huge issue in the United States, but how we punish them is also very important. On September 18th, 2013 Deval Patrick the Governor of Massachusetts signed a legislation that raises the age of juvenile jurisdiction from the age seventeen to eighteen. There are many great reasons for this change. One reason for this change is because the age eighteen is the mark ofRead MoreChanging the Minimun Legal Drinking Age in the United States1745 Words   |  7 PagesMinimum Legal Drinking Age in the United States Over the past twenty years the minimum legal drinking age has been twenty-one in all US states, but that has not stopped citizens of the United Sates from attempting to lower the age. Following the end of prohibition in the United Sates during the Great Depression, all states agreed on a set of twenty-one to be the legal drinking age. For almost forty years there was no change in the drinking age until a decrease in the age for voting occurred. ThisRead MoreThe Legal Drinking Age Should Be Lowered955 Words   |  4 PagesIn the United States of America, the National Government requires the states to enforce a legal drinking age of twenty-one. Where as the world average drinking age is eighteen, and in some Countries it is even lower where it is possible to get a beer at sixteen years of age. Taking that into consideration, there is a great deal of controversy in the United States on what the legal age should be to purchase and consume an alcoholic beverage. The largest issue being that you are considered to be an

The Interrelationship among Self, Others, and Environment

Why do human beings behave the way they do? How do individuals form relationships with others? What components of an individual’s physiological makeup and the surrounding atmosphere affect the formation of judgments about themselves, others’, and every day events? Does one’s membership within a particular group affect his or her thoughts, emotions, and actions towards others? Is aggression the product of biology or environment? Questions such as this form the foundation of social psychology, a field with the primary focus being the systematic study of human cognition, emotion, and actions. Social psychologists seek to understand the way human beings develop thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, as well as, the effect our environment, mainly†¦show more content†¦The correlational method does not determine causation however; it can be very useful to predict the occurrence of one variable based on the absence or presence of another variable. The correlational method can demonstrate three potential relationships between variables, positive, negative, or no relation. A positive correlation occurs if at the same time one variable increases the other variable increases too, a negative correlation occurs if one variable increases at the same time the other variable decreases, and finally if the variable neither increase nor decrease in response to one another. Finally, the social psychologist may want to determine whether the presence of one variable affects another than he or she would utilize the experimental method. Through the experimental method, it is possible for the social psychologist to alter one variable, the independent variable, in order to measure the influence it has on another variable, the dependent variable. Social psychologists use the scientific method to explore further phenomenon about development of human thoughts, emotions, and behavior in relation to the impact of others on these very characteristics. Essentially, the scientific method provides the field of social psychology with a systematic process to utilize in the quest to gain further insight into the complex nature of human beings. SocialShow MoreRelatedThe Purpose Of The Study Was To Examine The Quality Of1200 Words   |  5 Pagesexamine the quality of the literacy environment in inclusive early childhood special education (ECSE) classroom. There was two focuses in the study. The first, was to describe the quality of the literacy environment in terms of the structure and instruction. This includes book materials, print and writing materials. The other focus was to examine the interrelationship among teacher and classroom factors and quality of the structural literacy of the literacy environment. The importance of the structuralRead MoreEssay On Self Efficacy836 Words   |  4 PagesThe concept of self-efficacy Teacher self-efficacy is an integral element of an effective teaching and learning environment. 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The importance of the structuralRead MoreThe Culture At Nickelodeon, Crafted Carefully By Taran1396 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"People would refer to some of our off-sites or meetings as ‘lovefests’ because everyone was so excited about our group and what we were doing.† The good interrelationships among the group members are key factors in a successful organization with empowered employees. 2. How did Swan go about building that culture? (Consider the interrelationships among Nickelodeon Latin America’s context, design factors, culture, and outcomes). Given how she valued accuracy and consistency, Swan held her team membersRead MoreChild Development On A Concept Of Attachment And Behavior That Are Measured From The Ethological Evolutionary Perspective1298 Words   |  6 Pagesethological-evolutionary idea of the effect. It is through citation of the reports concerning the interactions among the toddler attachment conduct with other behaviors highlighted above. 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Severe cases of childhood obesity place the victim at higher risks of death of the individual during adulthood (Cameron, 2006). Like any other disease and conditions, obese and overweight conditions can be prevented. In order to deal with cardiac and diabetes, childhood obesityRead MoreHow Sociocultural Context Influences Attitudes toward Therapy81 5 Words   |  4 Pagestherapist needs to be concerned with the client’s sociocultural integration (Stevens, Gielen, 2007). Though a therapist has their own culture that differs from the client it is important that a therapist has a worldwide view on the interrelationship among body, mind, and environment (National Institute on Mental Health, 2001). When therapists and clients come from different cultural backgrounds there is a chance that cultural differences may emerge. 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The life cycle perspective is based on the person (biological, psychological, spiritual) and their environment (social movements, communities, formal, small groups, families, physical environment, culture, social structure and social institutions). As social workers using the life cycle perspective in understanding the different aspects of an individual (from genetics, school, socioeconomics, basically

Johnson Johnson Corporate Social Responsibility

Johnson Johnson Corporate Social Responsibility Introduction Johnson Johnson (JJ) is a multinational company founded in the the United states in 1886. The company’s create most of their revenue by selling medical devices, pharmaceutical products and consumer packaged goods. Johnson Johnson’s value in the stock market is listed among the top pharmaceutical companies. The company owns varieties of different extensions to supply the demand of human health product. The company has dedicated their time to help people live longer healthier lives with their research development teams. Even though no all the actions authorized on the C-suite have kept the company apart from decreasing profits. Johnson Johnson had ups and downs on the past, some mistakes had cause several threats to individuals. But the company has work hard to balance their corporate social responsibility. Johnson Johnson executives are aware of the ethical issue the company faces daily so by taking sever e and more smart decision they plan to boost the company s profits. Consumers acquire confidence and feel more comfortable when social responsibility forms part of the future plans of the company. Important part of Johnson and Johnson strategic plan to keep being profitable in their upcoming quarters. Johnson Johnson helping Africa Johnson Johnson it s expanding to help individuals around the world with their resources. They are currently working to establish their operations in Africa withShow MoreRelatedCorporate Social Responsibilities And Contributions Of Johnson And Johnson1230 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract Corporate social responsibilities and contributions of Johnson and Johnson Organization play an ideal role in society. Johnson and Johnson took a major step to protect mothers and their infants through Mobile Alliance for Maternal Action (MAMA) program. 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The growth of the company demonstrates the three horizons framework (Johnson, Whittington and Scholes, 2011) for businesses, as can be seen throughout the history of the company, if referenced from a specific point in time. Corporate levelRead MoreThe Subprime Loan Blog Assignment And References Of Resources Researched Essay1390 Words   |  6 Pagesnumbers in the lower socio-economic group. Thiel, Bagdasarov, Harkrider, Johnson, Mumford, (2012) indicate that organizational leaders face environmental challenges and pressures that put them under ethical risk and suggest traditional strategies for ethical decision-making (EDM) are inadequate (Thiel, Bagdasarov, Harkrider, Johnson, Mumford, (2012)). Sensemaking is a newer model that (Thiel, Bagdasarov, Harkrider, Johnson, Mumford, (2012)), offer as a more accurate model for organizational

The Affordable Healthcare Act ( Aca ) And The Institute Of...

In 2008, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF) and the Institute of Medicine (IOM) began a two-year study initiative to respond, the need to assess and transform the nursing profession.(The-Future-of-Nursing-Leading-Change-Advancing-Health, 2010).An interdisciplinary committee was put together to report the nations issues impacting health care. Recommendations were set forth by the IOM in a way to improve and restructure the nursing profession to fit the future of the medical field. (The-Future-of-Nursing-Leading-Change-Advancing-Health, 2010) The recommendation from the committee starts with an action-oriented blueprint for the future of nursing also to identify matters of medical care, research, education. (AJN, American Journal of Nursing: 2010). The Affordable Healthcare ACT (ACA) of 2010 introduced new changes to United States healthcare system. These changes were the improvement of research and evidence-based practice, health awareness, prevention screenings, and community- based wellness promotion and applied. (Affordable Care Act, 2010) Before the IOM’s action-oriented blueprint nurses came up against barriers that prevented them from being able to the start to make those transformations. Today nurses have the potential to overcome obstacles by leading innovative strategies to transform nursing education, practice, and leadership. (The-Future-of-Nursing-Leading-Change-Advancing-Health, 2010) Transformation: Impact on Education The Institute of MedicineShow MoreRelatedBackground Of Affordable Care Act1344 Words   |  6 PagesDescription of the Issue Background of Affordable Care Act The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA), commonly called Obama care, or the Affordable Care Act (ACA), is a United States federal statute signed into law by President Barack Obama on March 23, 2010. Together with the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act (an amendment to the ACA signed March 30, 2010) it represents the most significant regulatory overhaul of the country’s healthcare system since the passage of MedicareRead MoreThe Impact Of The Affordable Care Act On North Carolina s Uninsured Population1475 Words   |  6 PagesThe Impact of the Affordable Care Act on North Carolina’s Uninsured Population The Affordable Care Act (ACA) 2010 is one of the most radical healthcare moves in legislation of United States after Medicare and Medicaid. The main goals of ACA were to decrease the number of uninsured and provide cost-effective high-quality care to all in US. According to Kaiser Family Foundation, the potential plan of ACA was to expand cove rage to 47 million nonelderly uninsured in the nation, which included 1.6 millionRead MoreImpact of the Affordable Care Act on North Carolina uninsured1056 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Impact of the Affordable Care Act on North Carolinas Uninsured Amanda Thomas Walden University Policy and Advocacy for Improving Population Health, NURS 6050N-21 Dr. Allison Davis October 01, 2014 Impact of the Affordable Care Act on North Carolinas Uninsured Health insurance is one of the most important benefits a citizen can have in America. Some Americans who work acquire health insurance through their employers. 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Passage of this act enacted broad sweeping changes across the health care system focusing on expanded coverage, control of health care costs and improvement in the health care delivery system (Kaiser Family Foundation [KFF], 2013). This represents the largest change to the nation’s health care system since 1965 with the creation of Medicare and Medicaid programs (Institute of Medicine of the National Academies [IOM], 2010). AsRead MoreOur Health Care Reform1358 Words   |  5 Pages2010, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act was signed into law. Along with the Health Care and Reconciliation Act that was signed a week later these two bills became known as the Affordable Care Act (ACA) (Tacchino, 2012). This act has had a massive effect on almost everyone in the healthcare in dustry. The cost associated with reimbursement from Medicaid, medical coverage for individuals, and nursing practices has made many changes in the way healthcare is delivered. 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Sustainable Management in Ecostore Australia

Question: Describe the Report for Sustainable Management in Ecostore Australia. Answer: Introduction Ryan (2016) explains sustainability as a process under which enterprise implements different techniques through which environmental resources and natural systems are protected for the coming generations. Growing social and environmental issues are affecting planets ecosystems where water, land and air are being increasingly polluted with the activities of human and companies. As per World Centric (2016) report, tropical forest species are being extinct at a rate of nearly 5-10% every decade and it is being predicted that in the coming 30 years, one-fifth of species living currently will vanish. Australia is experiencing high rate of environmental degradation due to activities undertaken by entities present in manufacturing, construction and transport sector. As per research, 11% of total particulate emissions and 17% of total carbon emissions in 1997-1998 was produced by Australian companies which are still found to be very prominent to environmental degradation (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2009). The purpose of the study is to understand how Ecostore Australia is implementing viable processes to improve the lives of people and to promote sustainability. The structure of the study has been divided in different section where after analyzing the importance of Ecostore in Australia various theoretical concepts related with fields like organizational behavior and HRM will be discussed. Based on analysis, recommendations and conclusion will be made. Importance of Company to Australia and International Business Cosmetics and skin care industry is considered among one of the most developing sector throughout the globe where the total worth of emerging and developed nations like Australia, China, India, New Zealand has a sectorial market value of $60 billion (U.S. Commercial Service, 2015). Though in countries like China, India and Russias cosmetics segment is less than even 3% of total value Australia has experienced a strong demand of net value of $ 2.8 billion (U.S. Commercial Service, 2015). Importance of skin care and cleaning items are greatly impacted by consumer behavior of people where men and women give high importance to personal appearance. The median age of people residing in Australia has been found to be 37 years and with increasing ageing population they are looking for the products that extend their youth appearance with minimum side effects (U.S. Commercial Service, 2015). Ecostore, New Zealand based company, has been operating its activities in several parts of globe like A ustralia and Asian markets with nearly 200 household and skin care items (U.S. Commercial Service, 2015). The company in 2005 attained mark of green tick production which portrays that items offered by the entity are 100% sustainable, natural, organic, ge-free and fair trader (Harris, 2007). Figure 1: Increase in demand of Ecostore items in New Zealand (Source: Harris, 2007) A survey was conducted on analyzing the performance of Ecostore after attaining the green mark certificate in New Zealand where it was found that demand for laundry items like liquid 500 ml increased from 219 to 282 units from October 2004-2006 (Figure 1). As per recent studies the requirements for ecological items in household and cosmetic items have increased where 65%, 62%, 60%, 53%, and 50% of people residing in China, India, Indonesia, Singapore and Japan is desiring to have sustainable items (The Statistical Portal, 2016). Ecostore has expanded its international transactions to varied economies where nearly 2000 outlets in Australia the company has opened several thousand stores in USA, Hong Kong and Singapore (Ecostore Company Limited, 2016). Theoretical Underpinning and analysis for Ecostore Australia HRM Buta (2015) has claimed human resource management as a strategic approach to improve the performance of company where people are inspired to work hard for the sustainability of the entity. Moreover, the concept of human resource management can be explained as processes under which capable people are hired, motivated and maintained at the work environment (Mat and Awadh, 2013). Recruitment in entities can be undertaken by two techniques, internal and external where under the former talented personnel are hired from within the corporate environment while in the later newcomers are approached for required designation (Indabawa and Zakari, 2014). Mohammed, Mat and Awadh (2013) argues internal technique of hiring people as efficient as compared to external as it results in higher employee commitment and development where companies are helping them at career advancement. Past studies undertaken in this field claims that entities that implement realistic job previews where applicants are of fered with every minute detail regarding the post are effective in attracting capable personnel at the enterprises (Mohammed, Mat and Awadh, 2013). Realistic job preview assists in deriving higher employee satisfaction regarding work and reduces the level of absenteeism as detailed information regarding the jobs results in assigning people as per their capabilities and interest. On the other hand, hierarchy and task structure has been equally found effective in deriving better human resource management where inability to approach higher authorities for problem-solving and improper communication model can lead in poor work culture (Hollyforde and Whiddett, 2002). Enterprises in order to be sustainable must be efficient implementing change management in its process as per flexibility present in external environment. Companies in order to make employees capable of initiating tasks with flexible environment must introduce on-the job and off-the-job training programs with techniques like classroom instructions and simulation (Ahmad, Jehanzeb and Alkelabi, 2012). Ecostore for hiring capable and committed employees uses internal and external procedures where job-seekers are informed regarding the openings and designation through online websites (EBOS Group Limited, 2007). Realistic job previews are offered by the company where they are informed regarding the company being highly contributing towards community development and implementing natural process throughout the production of items. Social media platforms like LinkedIn, Facebook and Meetups are extensively utilized by the company to make people aware regarding new openings for the stores (EBOS Group Limited, 2007). The hierarchy and task structure of company are simple where people are encouraged to share their issues with higher management. On the other hand, Ecostore Australia implements various induction and training initiatives for making people aware of its various certified products where they can serve the people requirements efficiently. Moreover, business units through Customer Service program Total Service and Support are helped to know the product expertise, post-purchase and technical support (EBOS Group Limited, 2007, p. 13). In order to retain personnel in corporate environment they are remained regarding the contribution made by enterprise in people life and environment. Additionally, they are offered with short-term and post-employment benefits where in 2007 the group throughout different stores across paid $2925 and $188 million as compensation to employees (EBOS Group Limited, 2007). Organization Behavior Uddin, Luva and Hossian (2013) claim that enterprises in order to perform efficiently in this complex and ever-changing environment requires leaders or managers who are capable of maintaining proper work culture with people. Creating good relationships with employees improves corporate culture and inspires people work on their capabilities to have desired tasks outcomes. Ahmad, Jehanzeb and Alkelabi (2012) opine that leadership processes that enterprises implements at its work culture have direct impact on personality of people where negative or positive reinforcement strategies implemented by managers drives innovation at companies. Companies often are found to utilize responsible management approach like triple bottom line and stakeholder engagement at its process to have better sustainability (Uddin, Luva and Hossian, 2013). However, Hollyforde and Whiddett (2002) argues that adopting sustainable means at organizational process entirely depends on enterprises were they as per thei r shared values or principles are conducting their activities. In the reference of Uddin, Luva and Hossian, (2013) organizational culture is highly impacted by vision and desired outcomes a company want to attain in the coming years. Recent studies have proved that companies to have better brand image among consumers are implementing sustainable techniques with which minimum wastage of raw materials is used along with achieving its desired outcomes (Uddin, Luva and Hossian, 2013). Ecostore vision and mission has always promoted giving importance to people health at where according to United Nations Environmental Program nearly 80, 000 chemicals are used by enterprises throughout the globe while 1000 of them are created every year (Ecostore Company Limited, 2016). As per research, no mandatory inspection of these items is required before selling them however, Ecostore has always followed precautionary principle (Ecostore Company Limited, 2016). Stores available throughout the regions of New Zealand and Australia are employing well-known scientists who supervise a team of people involved in developing items with maximum safety ingredients (Ecostore Company Limited, 2016). Additionally, the company for its Australian operations has been received highest number of certificates that ensures that its every activity is undertaken with the help of organic elements. This way the company is ensuring sustainability in its processes. International Business A company while expanding its operations to other economies requires understanding the external conditions present in new regions like government intervention and how they can undertake their activities in the economy properly (Daniels, 2007). Contractor (2007) has pointed out various concepts of internalization like David Ricardos theory of comparative advantage and Raymonds Vernons product life cycle that are required to understand the difference of operating activities in local and international terms. Some of the key modes to start operations in other nations are direct exporting, strategic alliances and Foreign Direct Investment which includes their own benefits and complexities (Daniels, 2007). Ecostore has expanded its activities to different regions of the globe like Australia, South Korea, China, Singapore and Japan (Ryan, 2016). From last recent years, the entrepreneurs have utilized strategic alliances like mergers to enter the new areas where they started selling off thei r shareholdings to other entities (Ryan, 2016). Information Technology Information technology with better connectivity options through internet and online platforms like LinkedIn has undergone numerous changes. Moreover, expansion of entitys activities to various parts of globe has made communication and connectivity complex where lack of proper information technology can result in operations failure (Oliveira and Martins, 2011; Ryan, 2016). Moreover, is highly essential for companies to inform interested parties like shareholders about the processes which can be undertaken with the help of regular emails, meetings, conference and by publishing reports of progress and contribution to sector (Ryan, 2016). Ecostore in order to have better information technology utilizes emailing and conferencing at regular intervals to inform people regarding the modifications or changes taking place at corporate culture (Ecostore Company Limited, 2016). Eurostore Australia implements green principles and organic techniques where recycling process is utilized for having s ustainable packaging of items (Ecostore Company Limited, 2016). For instance, for laundry boxes packaging the company uses PEFC boards that are manufactured from forest found in Whatkatnae (Ecostore Company Limited, 2016). Ecostore bottles are made from high density polythene that can be recycled further to be used for the second time. Clear backing and labels of packaging used by company minimize the percentage of ink and dyes that is normally required at high percentage by other companies (Ecostore Company Limited, 2016). Moreover, the company produces plastic trigger spray that is free from metal parts and can be recycled for further usage. Entrepreneurship and Innovation Entrepreneurship is derived mainly from innovation where people with a motive to transform the industry and through new ideas and concept try to conduct activities that benefit the society (Zahra et al., 2009; Bruin, 2016). Entrepreneurs are often described as risk-takers who are ready to initiate or administer changes to have sustainable business activities that bring positive contribution to peoples life. Entrepreneurs through their risk-taking efficiency and ability to bring positivity in people life inspire others to take similar paths. In 1993 Malcolm Rands started Ecostore at small-scale level in New Zealand with most sustainable and organic gardening practices (Ecostore Company Limited, 2016). However, the owner realized that in spite of maintaining sustainability through organic gardening materials, people are still exposed to toxic substances and chemicals by use of cleaning and body care items. Malcolms with a philosophy of health first focused to expand its activities in N ew Zealand, Australia and several other parts of globe (Ecostore Company Limited, 2016). The entrepreneurs were determined to avoid toxic chemicals in the production of items related with the segment. Normally, testing body care products on animals are common but in Eurostore including Australian stores no such technique is involved. Every items offered by company includes PETA (People for Ethical Treatment of Animals) symbol to inspire and ware people that their cosmetics items are made from organic elements and no animal were harmed throughout the process. Moreover, the company has involved itself in free trade where they buy organic produce from framers to assist them to have financial support (Ecostore Company Limited, 2016). Innovative technologies like measuring scoops inside the laundry powder container and auto dish tab boxes promotes innovation and assist the company to attain sustainability (Ecostore Company Limited, 2016). Additionally, Ecostore Australia items are create d over several months under direct supervision of Scientists ensuring that people health, safety and environmental standards (Ecostore Company Limited, 2016). Companys innovation and sustainable measures not only have strong brand image among people but is also motivates employees and other players to implement sustainable measures at their business model. Recommendations Human Resource Management: Maintaining proper workforce at enterprise has become essential for better profitability where they must be inspired from within to contribute positively in increasing earning of companies and doing well to society. Companies in order to have sustainability must enforce performance appraisal mechanism where people are motivated to perform well through better reward system. This way they will be encouraged to promote the vision of the company which this will offer self-satisfaction and improved employee engagement. Organizational Behavior: Managers leading the enterprise must be competent and capable of taking efficient decisions related with finance, environment and social outcomes that reduce unnecessary wastes. Implementing sustainable models like Triple Bottom Line will help the enterprise to have better profitability, corporate culture and environment. International Business: Companies for having good brand image and market share among the consumers must include sustainability measures throughout the process that will help it to grow its operations efficiently in other new areas too. Preparing managers for administering foreign cultures involved in global transactions can help the entity to have greater sustainability. Entrepreneurship: In order to have sustainable development, enterprises must try to build long-term relations with parties involved in the entire process beginning from employees, consumers, shareholders and government agencies. It can be ensured that proper compliance with guidelines offered by institutions like ISO that encourages people to reduce waste and to be have eco-friendly mechanisms of coming up with offers and services are being implemented. Conclusions Ecostore has been operating its activities in various parts of globe including Australia where it is inspiring people and entities to implement ecological measures of producing items to attain sustainability. Cosmetics and skin care industry is considered among one of the most developing sector throughout the globe where the total worth of emerging and developed nations like Australia, China, India, New Zealand has a market value of $60 billion. Figure 1 has illustrated increase in sale of Ecostores items after it attained Green tick which illustrated that it implements sustainable methods in manufacturing its various products. With rising complexities in environmental degradation people are preferring eco-friendly items where enterprises like Ecostore Australia are helping them to have healthy products. After going through human resource, organizational behavior, informational technology, international business and entrepreneurship policies of Ecostore it has been observed that the company has created a sustainable business model which ensures healthy life and reduces wastage of resources through better packaging techniques. Moreover, it implements scientific approach while producing the items and ensures no animal are harmed during the production which has helped the company to have sustainable development. Reference list Ahmad, A., Jehanzeb, K. and Alkelabi, S.A.H. (2012). Role of Learning Theories in Training While Training the Trainers. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 2(11), pp. 181-189. Ahmad, A., Jehanzeb, K. and Alkelabi, S.A.H. (2012). Role of Learning Theories in Training While Training the Trainers. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 2(11), pp. 181-189. Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2009). Environment by Numbers: Selected Articles on Australia's Environment, 2003. [online] Abs. Available at: https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/mf/4617.0 [Accessed 10 Sept. 2016]. Bruin, A. (2016). Towards a framework for understanding transitional green entrepreneurship, Small Enterprise Research, 23(1), pp. 10-21. Buta, S. (2015). Human Capital Theory And Human Resource Management. Implications In Develeopment Of Knowledge Management Strategies. Ecoforum, 4(1), pp. 155-162. Contractor, F.J., (2007). Is international business good for companies? The evolutionary or multi-stage theory of internationalization vs. the transaction cost perspective.Management International Review,47(3), pp.453-475. Daniels, J. (2007).International Business: Environments and Operations. Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley. EBOS Group Limited. (2007). Annual Report 2007. [pdf] Available at: https://media.corporate-ir.net/media_files/IROL/16/160779/ar/EBOS-Annual-Report-07.pdf [Accessed 10 Sept. 2016]. Ecostore Company Limited. (2016). About the company. Ecostore. Available at: https://www.ecostore.com.au/pages/packaging [Accessed 10 Sept. 2016]. Harold, K. (2010). Essentials of Management. Noida: Tata McGraw-Hill Education. Harris, S.M. (2007)."Does sustainability sell? Market responses to sustainability certification". Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal, 18(1), pp. 50 - 60 Hollyforde, S, and Whiddett,S. (2002). The Motivation Handbook. Wiltshire: CIPD. Indabawa, S.L. and Zakari, U. (2014). Human Relations and Behavioural Science Approach to Motivation in Selected Business Organizations in Kano Metropolis Nigeria. European Journal of Business and Management, 6(25), pp. 168-174. Jerome, N. (2013). Application of the Maslows hierarchy of need theory; impacts and implications on organizational culture, human resource and employees performance. International Journal of Business and Management Invention, 2(3), pp. 39-45. Mohammed Saad, A., Mat, N.B. and Awadh, A.M. (2013). Review Of Theory Of Human Resources Development Training (Learning) Participation. Journal of WEI Business and Economics, 2(1), pp. 47-58. Oliveira, T. and Martins, M.F.(2011). Literature Review of Information Technology Adoption Models at Firm Level. The Electronic Journal Information Systems Evaluation Volume, 14(1), pp. 110-121. Ryan, H. (2016). Malcolm Rands sells out of Ecostore. NZME Publishing Limited. [online] Available at: https://www.nzherald.co.nz/business/news/article.cfm?c_id=3objectid=11648043 [Accessed 10 Sept. 2016]. The Statistical Portal. (2016). Would your opinion about health and beauty products improve if results were achieved quicker? [online] Available at: https://www.statista.com/statistics/312435/anti-aging-products-importance-placed-on-quick-results/ [Accessed 10 Sept. 2016]. U.S. Commercial Service. (2015). Cosmetics Toiletries Market Overviews 2015. [online] US department of commerce. Available at: https://www.trade.gov/industry/materials/ITA.FSC.Cosmoprof.2015_final2.pdf [Accessed 10 Sept. 2016]. Uddin, M.J., Luva, R.H. and Hossian, S.M.M. (2013). Impact of Organizational Culture on Employee Performance and Productivity: A Case Study of Telecommunication Sector in Bangladesh. International Journal of Business and Management, 8(2), pp. 63-77. World Centric. (2016). Environmental Destruction. [online] World Centric. Available at: https://worldcentric.org/conscious-living/environmental-destruction [Accessed 10 Sept. 2016]. Zahra, S. A., Gedajlovic, E., Neubaum, D. O., Shulman, J. M. (2009). A typology of social enterpreneurs: Motives, search processes and ethical challenges. Journal of Business Venturing, 24(5), pp. 519532.

Gender and Technology free essay sample

This essay will take a look into an article called, â€Å"Caring About Connections: Gender and Computing† written by Jane Margolis, Allan Fisher and Faye Miller. In their article they take a look at differences in women and males with their uses and influence in technology, and women’s efforts to pursue an education in computer science and technology. This paper will be able to sum up their main ideas, critically analyze their beliefs, and take a particular look at women pursing fields of study in the technological workplace and technological studies. Gender Definition The definition of gender is not a very easy word to define. There are many meanings and terms that can be characterized under both males and females and mixed genders. However according to dictionary. com gender is the following: â€Å"(in many languages) a set  of classes that together include all nouns, membership in a particular class being shown by the form of the noun  itself or by the form or choice of words that modify, replace, or otherwise refer to the noun, as, in English, the choice of he   to replace the man,   of she   to replace the woman,   of it   to replace the table,   of it   or she   to replace the ship. We will write a custom essay sample on Gender and Technology or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The number of genders in different languages varies from 2 to more than 20; often the classification correlates in part with sex or animateness. The most familiar sets of genders are of three classes (as masculine, feminine, and neuter in Latin and German) or of two (as common and neuter in Dutch, or masculine and feminine in French and Spanish). â€Å" (Dictionary. com 2012) This definition of gender is what said to best fit the word however I believe that this is not the only way to describe a gender. Gender in my opinion the biological make up and the combination of actions and norms an individual follows and goes through. The biological make up of an individual is not the only way to depict what gender they are associated with but the actions and ideas they follow can also influence them. People are able to choose which gender they are associated with even if they pursue a gender different from their biological make up. Definition of Technology Technology is similar to gender where there truly isn’t one single definition behind the word. This term is also relatively new and has was not heavily used until World War one and two and after these event, the term began to be used as much as the word science. (Lecture18, March 27th). Science and technology are often closely related to one another because technology relies on science and the more science that is understood, the more technology can be created and change. With this is mind, innovation is key to defining technology and how to describe what technology is. In one our lectures, Kevin Kelly described technology as, â€Å"Anything that is invented after we are born. † With this in mind, a definition of technology can be described as any new innovation created that may help or hurt society as a whole. Authors’ Main Ideas The Authors of this article take a look into many different angles in the field of computer science. The ideas of the authors vary from some being where these individuals first got their first interest into this study. The authors also discuss the world around computer science and the individuals that are apart of this select group. Finally the authors also touch on the overall fact that the computer science is a field of study that is heavily associated with male users and students. Students who want to pursue this field of study often have different reasons and answers as the first enthusiastic moment in the study. The different reasons also relate to the basis of their gender. For many women in this study, there reasons to enter this field of study were to use the knowledge and information from studying to work with another field of study, such as education or science. Men on the other hand had different explanations or reasons for entering the field of computer science. Many men that were interviewed brought up a time in which they first remembered a time in which computers interested them or discussed items that are used for technology. Margolis, Fisher and Miller, also discuss a finding from a studying done by a researcher named Brunner. In his study, he found â€Å"The feminine take on technology looks right through the machine to its social function, while the masculine view is more likely to be focused on the machine itself. As a result, when technology is introduced as an end in itself, as in a programming class, for instance, young women are less likely to be interested than young men. (Brunner, 1997). This study done by Brunner helps show partial reason why men are more likely to show a strong interest n technological studies and pursue degrees in these fields. Because of this gender barrier that women are going to have to overcome in these fields it does show that many women do face a harder time in this field because of a view they are more likely to see rather then males. Many individuals that pursue the study of technology often associate themselves as different from the average group of people. Many men that pursue this field often believe they are truly the right individual and they often see women in the field as weaker or as someone that may struggle. According to Margolis, Fisher and Miller, in regard to the selective image and individuals that are perceived in the technological fields. â€Å"The pervasive image of the computer science student has a more deleterious affect on women students† (Margolis, Fisher and Miller 1998). Women are more affected by the â€Å"image† that select individuals are able to be apart of this industry. However not only are the classroom settings and social impact of other members impacting women. The media, Internet, and many other factors also impact women and the opportunities to pursue technology. These factors include the media depicting men as experts in technology, societal expectations of different goals for boys and girls, the structure of learning tasks, the nature of feedback in performance situations, and the organization of classroom seating† (Hale Pg 1). The social implications that women face show that they struggle when they are trying to join the field of technolog y. Finally, the field of technology is a field in which males already heavily dominate the workforce amount often turning women away from pursuing jobs and technological influence in the field. In their essay, Margolis, Fisher and Miller discuss the curriculum of computer science and its basic functions. Many classes in technological studies involve mathematics and scientific studies. Overall many of these classes have shown on average the men usually score high grades in these classes as these classes. Many women seem to steer away from classes like these because of the heavy presence of males, and the pressure of males in the classroom setting. Another item that many individuals that are apart of this industry are often characterized as nerds or geeks. According to the New York Times, â€Å"†¦another explanation for the drop in interest, which is linked to the pejorative figure of the â€Å"nerd† or â€Å"geek. † She said that this school of thought was: â€Å"Girls and young women don’t want to be that person. †Ã¢â‚¬  (Spertus, 2008). Many individuals, but particularly men and women want to avoid being called a geek or nerd and because of these names associated with many people in this industry, many women avoid these studies. Critical Analysis Overall Margolis, Fisher and Miller have shown many areas in which women and men have differences in the studies of computer Science field. The reasons for many of these individuals were different depending on their genders, which is often the case for many jobs and areas of studying. Many fields of studies do relate to individuals with certain preferences and the way many are set up in structure can benefit one gender over another gender. This is a fair argument because there are certain curriculums that do tend to have classes that are easier and a slight advantage to different genders. Secondly, the fact that many women are steered away because of the intimidation of not having the â€Å"image† of a computer science individual is also true. People in general want to fit in with a group of people that they are going to be studying their major in. Because of the large decrease of women entering the field of computer science and technological studies, many women are beginning to feel isolated from others and intimidated by the class structure. Finally, the heavy dominating field of men and the often-characterized nicknames of geeks and nerds also turns many women away from these studies. The increasing number of men studying in this field turns away many women from entering the field through intimidation and the infamous nickname of â€Å"geeks† and â€Å"nerds†. These names often associated with people in technological studies can steer individuals that want to learn more about the technological field into a different area of study to prevent harassing. However, though Margolis, Fisher and Miller did bring up many excellent points about gender inequality and differences in the fields of technology, these authors did fail to bring into that fact the usage of ICTs varying amongst genders. Though many women do not pursue degrees or jobs in technological fields, they are still heavily active in their use. Women in general are the largest users of cell phones, and among races, African American Women are the largest users of the Internet. However men do dominate women in some categories of ICT usage. Males are most notably the users of online gaming, however among races, African American men are least likely to use any form of technology. These differences are important to acknowledge with gender differences in technology. Men and women do both have different usages of ICTs and races do play a small role in the measurement of ICTs. With this in mind, though there are gender differences that exist in the fields of technology and ICT usage, each gender does have an area in which they do have the dominant share of usage. Conclusion In the world we live in, technology is constantly growing and adopting. New innovations are causing changes in simple items and transforming items we would have never thought to have. Genders are playing roles in the usage of technology. Though genders may face barriers or issues that can cause them to struggle, each gender does control heavy usage in certain ICTs. Margolis, Fisher and Miller passage has helped show the decline in women in the field of technological studies, particularly in computer science. Many women meet much conflict from the curriculum, to the intimidation factor of a primarily men filled class setting, to the often associate selective group of people in this field. Though these problems are common, many women do continue to pursue in these fields. As a result, men and women both face gender conflicts with technology, and certain technologies are more associated with genders. Overall, men and women still benefit from technology and the growing rate of technology in the world will lead to new items and new change.