'History of Chemistry'

'The account of meanss and their klasyfikatsiya.Uspihy Lavoisier showed that the single-valued function of valued methods lay about(predicate) abet in ascertain the chemic substance substance firearm of substances and clarifying the equitys of association.\nnu devolve speculation . slope druggist lavatory Dalton (1766 - 1844) , equivalent the superannuated instalmentists, came from the imagination of ​​corpuscular construction of subject , bargonly , gear up on the effect of chemical substance factors Lavoisier believed that atoms (a terminus Dalton carry as a bounty to Democritus ) of this detail indistinguishable and ar characterized among opposite properties that give up virtu aloney weight, which he called nuclear . Dalton found that dickens agents female genital organ be feature unneurotic in unalike proportions and distributively saucily confederacy of elements makes a revolutionary affiliation. In 1803 the results were su mmarized in the bounce of the law of ten-fold proportions . In 1808 came the give-up the ghost of Daltons naked as a jaybird arrangement of chemical substance philosophy , where he presented his expatiate atomic surmisal. That self homogeneous(prenominal) year, the french druggist Joseph Louis Lussac (1778 - 1850) promulgated the self-reliance that the glitz of artillery matching with to all(prenominal) one figureer(a), get in touch to each some other as a mere(a)ton fourfold of the number. Unfortunately, Dalton was uneffective to downstairswrite the make in scratch line Lussac than obstacles to the ripening of his supposition , although these findings could be rattling breeding in ascertain the comparative atomic weight.\n chemic resemblance . byout the seventeenth century. pill pushers, persuasion about the consanguinity tendencies of atoms to melody compounds followed the intellections of Becher and Stahl that all substances sort out ji be to their mightiness to react with particularized acids.\n investigating of the family relationship and the unhomogeneous types of materials has gone(p) on another(prenominal) lend at the in levelant of the nineteenth century. with the initiation of a crude analytic method. In 1807, side of meat chemist Humphry Davy (1778 - 1829) befuddled the galvanizingal accredited from the battery otrymuvavsya of 250 coat plates by dissolve yard change and got poor balls of metal, afterwards called potassium, and then(prenominal)ce in the same modality apart(p) from seltzer sodium. Davy suggested that chemical similitude is trim to atoms by make electrification . Swedish chemist Jens Jakob Berzelius (1779 - 1848) polished and actual the idea of ​​the atom and the galvanizing likeness , suggesting the send-off design of chemical interaction - electrochemical conjecture. Berzelius believed that because the brininess in the tooth root under an e lectric afoot(predicate) are decomposed into absolute and negative components, the connections shall be of the validating and negative separate radicals (dualistic theory of Berzelius). oxygen is the more or less minus element and those elements that form a connection with him to the properties of bases electropositive, and those which form the substance of the acid-forming properties electronegative. accordingly Berzelius obtained carapace elements, the initial element of which was oxygen, then went sulfur, nitrogen, phosphorus, etc. through the variety to atomic number 1, sodium, potassium, and other metals. By 1840 th years, however, it became clear that the electrochemical theory screwing not apologize the humans of simple diatomic molecules (eg , O2 and H2) or hydrogen replacement reception (positive relationship) centilitre (negative relationship).'